ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutrition, Psychology and Brain Health
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1571985
The Mediating Effect of BMI in Serum Vitamin D Related Sleep deprivation based on the NHANES Database
Provisionally accepted
- 1Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- 2Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- 3West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Background: Sleep deprivation are a widespread condition globally, posing significant risks to individuals' physical and mental health. Existing studies have explored the associations between sleep deprivation, vitamin D, and obesity. However, there is limited research on the combined effects of serum vitamin D and obesity. To address this gap, we conducted a crosssectional study using the NHANES database to investigate the mediating role of BMI in serum vitamin D-related sleep deprivation among Americans.Methods: Our study included 20,865 participants from the NHANES database (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2021)(2022)(2023). Logistic regression was utilized to assess the relationship between vitamin D levels and sleep deprivation. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the role of obesity in the association between vitamin D and sleep deprivation.Results: Increased vitamin D levels coupled with a BMI below the 75th percentile significantly reduced the risk of sleep deprivation to 0.70times(95% CI: 0.64-0.77;P<0.001) that of individuals with insufficient vitamin D and a BMI above the 75th percentile(>33.1 kg/m²). Serum vitamin D showed a direct significant effect on reducing sleep deprivation risk (βtotal=1.92*10 -3 , Pdir<0.001), and its indirect effect through BMI was also highly significant βindir=7.59*10 -5 , Pindir<0.001). In the fully adjusted model, compared with the VD Inadequate&BMI>75% group, the VD Sufficient&BMI<75% group had a reduced risk of sleep deprivation(OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.64-0.77).This study demonstrates that in American adults, vitamin D can influence sleep deprivation both directly and indirectly through its impact on BMI. Therefore, for individuals suffering from sleep deprivation, vitamin D supplementation might offer potential benefits.Enhancing vitamin D levels could mitigate sleep deprivation risks, particularly when associated with lower BMI values.
Keywords: Vitamin D, Sleep Deprivation, BMI, Obesity, NHANES
Received: 06 Feb 2025; Accepted: 21 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Gong, Xu, Guo and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Chaoban Wang, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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