ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutritional Epidemiology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1572000
A Comparative Study of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Its Association with Metabolic Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) Among Rural and Urban Males in Zimbabwe
Provisionally accepted
- 1National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
- 2University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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Purpose: Consumption of fruits and vegetables reduces the prevalence of metabolic risk factors for NCDs. No studies assessing the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and metabolic risk factors for NCDs have been done in Zimbabwe. This study focused on the comparison of the consumption of fruits and vegetables between rural and urban settings and their relationships with metabolic risk factors for NCDs and demographic variables. Methods: A sample of 400 males was obtained from the two provinces, i.e., 200 men from Bulawayo (urban) and Mashonaland East (rural). The fruits and vegetables were measured using the World Health Organisation (WHO) stepwise questionnaire, which was translated in the Zimbabwean context.The overall consumption of fruits and vegetables to the recommended level of 5 servings per day was 12. 1% (95 CI= 9.0 -15.4). There were more people in rural settings (15.3%, 95% CI 11.6 -18.4) meeting the WHO recommended level of consumption of five servings of fruits and vegetables than urban settings (3.5%, 95% CI 1.0 -6.3; p < 0.001). The rural group had higher odds of having normal blood glucose level than the urban group (OR=2.698; 95% CI=1.796 -4.053, p<0.001). There was a 0.142-unit decline in blood glucose after adjusting for vegetable consumption (-0.142; 95% CI=-0.345 --0.122, p<0.033). Conclusion: Rural respondents consumed more vegetables and fruits than the urban respondents. The consumption of fruits and vegetables was associated with a decrease in blood glucose. There is a need for campaigns to educate the public on the importance of fruit and vegetable consumption to ensuring that dietary intake of fruits and vegetables is significantly improved.
Keywords: fruit consumption, Vegetable consumption, Vegetable markets, demographic factors, Obesity
Received: 07 Feb 2025; Accepted: 21 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Manyeruke, Nunu and Mudonhi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Norman Manyeruke, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
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