ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutritional Epidemiology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1582534
Independent and joint impacts of high body mass index and aging on global burden of chronic kidney disease: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Provisionally accepted
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
- 2The First People's Hospital of Honghe, Mengzi City, China
- 3School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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We aimed to evaluate the levels and trends of CKD burden associated with high body mass index (BMI) from 1990 to 2021 and to investigate the role of aging.From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we retrieved data and estimated CKD-related deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) attributable to high BMI by age, sex, socio-demographic index (SDI), and geographical regions. We calculated the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) from 1990 to 2021 and projected attributable CKD burden through 2050. A cluster analysis was performed to identify changing patterns. We also used the decomposition analysis to evaluate the role of aging in observed trends.Results: Globally, high BMI was responsible for 418,402 CKD-related deaths and 1.04 million DALYs in 2021. The ASMR and ASDR were 5.06 and 122.08 per 100,000 population, showing an increasing trend from 1990 to 2021. The predicted results indicated that the attributable CKD burden will continue to rise through 2050.Males exhibited higher ASRs and EAPCs. Substantial geographic and regional disparities were observed, with an inverted "U"-shaped relationship between ASRs and SDI. With advancing age, the burden increased consistently, and sex differences varied. Decomposition analysis revealed that population aging was one contributing factor to the observed trends.Global CKD burden attributable to high BMI remains substantial.These findings underscore the urgency to address the growing public health challenge posed by obesity. Given the age, sex, and geographic differences, targeted strategies are needed.
Keywords: Body Mass Index, Aging, Chronic Kidney Disease, deaths, Disability-adjusted life years
Received: 24 Feb 2025; Accepted: 15 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Ma, Chen, Shen, Wang, Xie and Zhao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Weihong Zhao, Division of Nephrology, Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
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