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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Nutr.

Sec. Nutritional Epidemiology

Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1589177

A cross-sectional study of dietary and urinary soy isoflavones about coal-burning fluorosis in Guizhou, China

Provisionally accepted
Hua HanHua Han1Jun LiuJun Liu2*Lu LiuLu Liu2Xingting ZhengXingting Zheng2Yameng LiYameng Li2Peimin LiPeimin Li2Yuanmei ZhangYuanmei Zhang3Min LiuMin Liu2Xiaogang ZhangXiaogang Zhang2Ling TangLing Tang2Manman GaoManman Gao2Na TaoNa Tao4*
  • 1First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
  • 2Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
  • 3Center of Disease Control and Prevention of Honghuagang District, Zunyi,, 遵义市红花岗区, China
  • 4Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China

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Objective: Previous research showed soy isoflavones have antioxidant properties beneficial to bone health, but no epidemiological studies reported effects of soy isoflavones on fluorosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between soy isoflavones in diet/urine and coal-burning fluorosis. Methods: A comprehensive cross-sectional study with 896 participants in Zhijin County, Guizhou, China, assessed dietary intake through face-to-face interviews using a 75-item food frequency questionnaire. Urine samples were analyzed for soy isoflavone concentrations by HPLC. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations. Results: We observed a significant inverse association between dietary soy isoflavones and fluorosis. The adjusted OR (95%CI) in the highest quartile of intake compared with the lowest was 0.61 (0.38-0.97) (P-trend = 0.032) for total soy isoflavones intake, 0.59 (0.37-0.95) (P-trend = 0.032) for daidzein intake. Results of soy isoflavones in urine were consistent with the dietary results. Conclusion: Soy isoflavones are associated with the occurrence of coal-burning fluorosis.

Keywords: soy isoflavones, dietary, Coal-burning fluorosis, Cross-sectional study, factor analysis

Received: 07 Mar 2025; Accepted: 09 Jul 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Han, Liu, Liu, Zheng, Li, Li, Zhang, Liu, Zhang, Tang, Gao and Tao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence:
Jun Liu, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
Na Tao, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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