ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutrition and Metabolism
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1590278
This article is part of the Research TopicOmega-3 Fatty Acids and Immunometabolism in Health and DiseaseView all articles
Ischemic Heart Disease Burden Attributable to Inadequate Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake in Chinese Adults, 1990-2021: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study
Provisionally accepted
- 1School of Physical Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- 2Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
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Background:Insufficient omega-3 fatty acid intake is a modifiable risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD), yet its long-term impact in China remains underexplored. This study, using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 1990–2021 data, presents the first comprehensive Age–Period–Cohort (APC) analysis of IHD burden attributable to inadequate omega-3 intake among Chinese adults, highlighting age- and sex-related disparities.Methods:Data on Chinese adults aged 25–94 were analyzed by sex using the APC model to assess temporal trends in deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Net and local drift were calculated to quantify long-term changes.Results:In 2021, IHD mortality attributable to low omega-3 intake increased exponentially with age, from 5.57 per 100,000 (25–29) to 3,806.93 (90–94). Males had higher mortality (708.01 vs. 537.28 per 100,000), with risk shifting to females in the oldest age groups. A key DALY rate inflection appeared between ages 45–50 (30 → 475 per 100,000), with higher variability in men. From 1990 to 2021, absolute deaths rose by 17.47%, but age-standardized mortality fell by 19.72%, and DALY rates dropped by 41.4%.APC findings:Age effect: Extremely high death in the oldest-old group;Period effect: ~10% DALY drop during 2005–2006 aligned with nutrition policies;Cohort effect: ~99% death rate decline from 1895–1994 cohorts.Net drift revealed a faster annual decline in DALY rates (−1.53%) than deaths (−0.32%), peaking in middle-aged adults (local drift: −3.87%).Conclusions:This study reveals the evolving omega-3-related IHD burden in China. Despite declining rates, aging populations sustain high absolute burden. By combining APC modeling with nutritional epidemiology, findings offer critical evidence for refining age- and sex-targeted interventions and dietary policies.
Keywords: Omega-3 fatty Acids, Ischemic Heart Disease, disease burden, age-and sex-related heterogeneity, spatiotemporal evolution
Received: 09 Mar 2025; Accepted: 26 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Luo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Lin Luo, School of Physical Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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