ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutrition and Metabolism
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1594041
This article is part of the Research TopicTherapeutic Potential of Food-Derived Bioactive Compounds and Endogenous Metabolites for Diabetes, Cardiovascular, and Cerebrovascular DiseasesView all 4 articles
Association of neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with the cardiovascular-kidneymetabolic syndrome and its cardiovascular mortality
Provisionally accepted
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Background Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome is a novel multi-system disease defined by the American Heart Association (AHA). This study aims to investigate the associations between the neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) and CKM syndrome and its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. MethodsThe data for this study were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 2005 to 2018 and the National Death Index (NDI) database. Weighted multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression were the primary analytical methods. Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) and subgroup analyses were also carried out.ResultsA total of 13,165 participants were included in this study. The weighted mean of NHR was 3.14±0.03. The prevalence rate of CKM syndrome was 17.36%. The results of the weighted logistic regression indicated that there was a positive association between NHR and CKM syndrome (ORper SD: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.10-1.42, P < 0.001). Among the quartile groups of NHR, the prevalence rate of CKM syndrome showed a trend of increase (P for trend < 0.0001). Among individuals with CKM syndrome, the results of the weighted Cox regression demonstrated that NHR also significantly predicted CVD mortality (HRper SD: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.14-1.50, P < 0.001). Among the quartile groups of NHR, the risk of CVD mortality also increased in a trend (P for trend = 0.01). Furthermore, RCS analysis showed a positive linear association between NHR and CKM syndrome (Nonlinear P = 0.075) as well as between NHR and CVD mortality (Nonlinear P = 0.300). The subgroup analysis suggested that the relationship between NHR and the outcomes was robust, and there was no significant interaction.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that NHR is not only associated with an increased prevalence of CKM syndrome, but also serves as an effective predictor for CVD mortality in patients with CKM syndrome. This provides new insights into the clinical identification and prognostic evaluation of CKM syndrome.
Keywords: neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, cardiovascular-kidneymetabolic syndrome, CVD mortality, NHANES, Observational study
Received: 15 Mar 2025; Accepted: 20 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Xu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Yaying Xu, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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