ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Clinical Nutrition
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1604908
An L-shaped link between the composite dietary antioxidant index and human papillomavirus infection in women: a US population-based study
Provisionally accepted
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Objective: This study intended to inspect the link between a comprehensive dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in US women. Methods: The link between CDAI and HPV infection was analyzed by weighted univariate and multivariate regression models, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and subgroup analyses using the NHANES data from 2003-2016. Results: Data from 8,115 subjects were included, with a weighted prevalence of HPV infection of 38.01%. After adjusting for all covariates, HPV infection decreased by 2% for each 1-unit rise in CDAI [(95%CI: 0.96,0.99), P=0.042]. RCS results elicited a non-linear link (P-non-linear = 0.043). VE and zinc intake were negatively linked to HPV infection (both P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis noted a notable interaction of marital status in the link between CDAI and HPV infection (P for interaction = 0.011). Conclusion: CDAI is negatively linked to HPV infection. American women can enhance their intake of antioxidant-rich foods, especially those rich in zinc and vitamin E, to reduce HPV infection risk and enhance antioxidant defenses.
Keywords: Human papillomavirus infection, Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index, Dietaryantioxidants, dose-response, NHANES
Received: 02 Apr 2025; Accepted: 26 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Li, Zheng, Zhao, Cao, Meng, Liu, Wang and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Xiaolan Wang, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Lili Zhang, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.