ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Clinical Nutrition
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1606769
Association of Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and Peripheral Artery Disease: a national cross-sectional study
Provisionally accepted
- Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
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The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI), a comprehensive measure of dietary antioxidant intake, quantifies the combined effects of key micronutrients, including vitamins A, C, and E, zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se), to evaluate overall antioxidant capacity. Existing evidence suggests that CDAI is inversely associated with cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and stroke. This study aims to investigate the relationship between CDAI and peripheral artery disease (PAD), which remains unclear in the current literature. In this study, we analyzed data from 2,332 participants with available ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurements from the NHANES database. Multivariable logistic regression and smooth curve fitting were employed to evaluate the association between CDAI and PAD. Additionally, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted to assess the generalizability and stability of these relationships. Our findings revealed a significant inverse association between CDAI and PAD. In the fully adjusted model, each one-unit increase in CDAI was associated with a 12% reduction in PAD prevalence (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81-0.95). Moreover, participants in the highest quartile of CDAI had a 53% lower likelihood of developing PAD (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24-0.93) compared with those in the lowest quartile. These results demonstrate a strong correlation between CDAI and PAD risk, suggesting that diets rich in antioxidants (reflected by higher CDAI scores) may play a role in PAD prevention. However, further comprehensive research and prospective cohort studies are needed to explore causal relationships and validate these findings.
Keywords: Oxidative Stress, antioxidant, CDAI, PAD, NHANES
Received: 06 Apr 2025; Accepted: 26 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Fan, Zhu, Guo, Wu, Li, Liu, Su and Wu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Weiwei Wu, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
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