ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutritional Epidemiology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1615528
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Coffee Intake and Hypertension Prevalence: results from the NHANES 2005-2020
Provisionally accepted
- 1Shenzhen Bao`an District Songgang People`s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- 2Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- 3The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of University of South of China, Changsha, Anhui Province, China
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Objective: To investigate the association between coffee consumption and hypertension risk.Methods: Using data from the 2005-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) on 41,685 adults, multivariable logistic regression models examined the relationship between categorical coffee intake (none, >0 to <1, ≥1 to <2, ≥2 to <3, ≥3 to <4, and ≥4 cups/day) and hypertension, with stratified and curve-fitting analyses.Results: Compared to non-consumers, moderate daily intake of 1-3 cups was significantly associated with lower hypertension odds (OR 0.829-0.869, p<0.05), more prominently in those <60 years (OR 0.957, 95% CI 0.940-0.975). Curve fitting revealed a U-shaped association between coffee consumption and hypertension risk.Conclusion: While a moderate coffee intake (1–3 cups/day) was associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension, especially among adults under 60 years, this cross-sectional study cannot establish causality. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Keywords: Hypertension, risk, NHANES, Cross-sectional study, Coffee
Received: 23 Apr 2025; Accepted: 30 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Li, Chen, Zeng, Ding, Luo and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Ning Ding, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, China
Ju Luo, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, China
Keng Li, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of University of South of China, Changsha, Anhui Province, China
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