Impact of High Protein Low Calorie Diet on Anthropometric indices, Glycation and Inflammation associated with Fat Mass and Obesity (FTO) gene among Individuals with Overweight/Obesity

Dr Bibi Hajira¹Bismillah Sehar²Fakhrunisa .¹Sami Siraj¹Muhammad Omer Malik¹Dr Huma Naqeeb³Ali Almajwal⁴Sharifa Alblooshi⁵HAYDER A HASAN⁶Iftkhar Alam⁷Falak Zeb^8*

• ¹Khyber Medical university, Peshawar, Pakistan
• ²Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
• ³Women University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
• ⁴King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• ⁵Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
• ⁶University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
• ⁷Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
• ⁸Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

The common polymorphism rs9939609 of the fat mass and obesity gene (FTO) has been associated with increased susceptibility to obesity, but this association appears to be modified by diet. High protein diets have been shown to reduce weight and may increase the formation of circulating advance glycation end products (AGEs). Obesity on the other hand is also associated with increased AGEs formation leading to oxidative stress and inflammation. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the impact of high protein and low calorie (HPLC) diet on anthropometric indices and AGEs levels associated with FTO variant rs9939609 in overweight/obese individuals. Methods: In this interventional study, 60 overweight and obese individuals (aged: 18-50 years) with no comorbidity were assigned to HPLC diet of 800 kcal and ~100 g protein/day for four weeks. The enrolled participants were divided into three groups (each group, n=20) based on FTO genotyping i.e., AA, TT and AT using whole blood samples. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured before and after intervention. Serum analysis of carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and interleukine-6 (IL-6) was done at baseline (day 0) and at the endline (day 28). Results:The weight (p= 0.01), WC (p= 0.002) and WHR (p= 0.04) were significantly different among the three genotypes. The risk allele group (AA) had higher mean weight (95.74±19.13 kg), WC (105.85±14.55 cm) and WHR (0.93±0.08) compared to wild type TT. HPLC diet significantly decreased weight (p= 0.02), BMI (p= 0.03), WC (p< 0.001) and WHR (p= 0.02) while no significant on CML and IL-6 in all three genotypes at the end of intervention. The effect size estimates explained significant variation of the FTO gene in weight (η 2 = 0.158), BMI (η 2 = 0.114), WC (η 2 = 0.235) and WHR (η 2 = 0.138). Conclusion: This study concludes that HPLC diet modifies the variation of the FTO rs9939609 genotype and anthropometric measurements. These finding also suggest that high dietary protein intakes might protect against the obesogenic effects of FTO risk genotypes and lead to weight loss and improved metabolic parameters.