ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutritional Epidemiology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1639852
Exploring the Impact of BMI and Physical Activity on Caffeine Use Disorder and Nutritional Attitudes among Adults in Türkiye
Provisionally accepted
- 1Istanbul Aydin Universitesi, Istanbul, Türkiye
- 2Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
- 3Bandirma Onyedi Eylul Universitesi, Bandirma, Türkiye
- 4The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- 5Tekirdag Namik Kemal Universitesi, Tekirdağ, Türkiye
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Purpose: This study aimed to examine the relationship between caffeine use disorder and attitudes toward healthy nutrition in relation to individuals' body mass index (BMI) and physical activity levels, while also exploring the influence of sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, and education level. Method: Data were collected from 509 adults who completed three instruments: the Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire (CUDQ), the Attitudes Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN), and a demographic and behavioural survey. BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight, and individuals were classified according to WHO guidelines (underweight, normal, overweight, and obese). Physical activity level was assessed through self-report and grouped into four categories: sedentary (0 days/week), low (1–2 days/week), moderate (3–4 days/week), and high (5+ days/week). Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analyses were conducted using SPSS 25. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in ASHN scores based on gender (p = .010), marital status (p < .001), education level (p < .001), BMI category (p < .001), and physical activity frequency (p < .001). Women and married individuals exhibited more positive emotional and behavioural nutrition attitudes. Higher education and physical activity levels were associated with improved attitudes across all ASHN subdimensions. CUDQ scores were higher among participants with high physical activity (p < .05) but significantly lower among those in the obese category (p < .001). Negative correlations were found between CUDQ scores and ASHN total (r = –.20), positive nutrition (r = –.20), and malnutrition (r = –.23). Conclusion: The findings suggest that intersecting demographic and lifestyle factors influence caffeine use and nutritional behaviours. Public health interventions should take these variables into account when addressing dietary regulation and stimulant use. Integrative strategies promoting healthy nutrition and responsible caffeine consumption particularly among physically active individuals may enhance long-term behavioural outcomes
Keywords: Caffeine, Body Mass Index, physical activity, feeding behaviour, Health attitudes, Socioeconomic Factors, lifestyle
Received: 09 Jul 2025; Accepted: 14 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Orhan, Alkasasbeh, Karaçam, AMAWI and Canlı. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Bekir Erhan Orhan, bekirerhanorhan@aydin.edu.tr
Walaa Jumah Alkasasbeh, walaakasasbeh1991@yahoo.com
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