ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutritional Epidemiology
Global Burden of Ischemic Heart Disease Due to Omega-3 Deficiency: 204-Country Analysis, 1990-2021
Provisionally accepted
- 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- 2Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- 3Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- 4Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Aim: This study evaluates the global burden, trends, and dietary risk factors of ischemic heart disease (IHD) from 1990 to 2021, focusing on socioeconomic and demographic variations. Methods: The study analyzed IHD-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized rates (ASR), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and fatality counts. Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). Dietary risk factors, such as seafood omega-3 fatty acid deficiency, were evaluated in relation to the socio-demographic index (SDI). Results: From 1990 to 2021, DALY rates and fatalities from IHD increased globally. Omega-3 fatty acid deficiencies were identified as a significant contributor. ASMR and age-standardized death rates (ASDR) rose most notably in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Countries with lower SDI levels faced a higher IHD burden. National trends varied, with adverse correlations between IHD burden and SDI primarily linked to dietary risks. Conclusions: Deficiencies in omega-3 fatty acids and other dietary risks are key factors driving global IHD patterns. Public health strategies to improve diet, particularly in low-and middle-SDI regions, are essential to reducing the IHD burden.
Keywords: Ischemic Heart Disease, Global Burden of Disease study, Diet low in seafood omega-3 fatty acids, socio-demographic index, DALYs - disability-adjusted life years
Received: 04 Jul 2025; Accepted: 30 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Chen, Chen, Yang and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Xinyue Yang, yangxinyue@tmu.edu.cn
Zhiqiang Zhang, zzq23478@163.com
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