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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article

Front. Nutr.

Sec. Nutrition and Metabolism

Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1659516

This article is part of the Research TopicNatural Bioactives: A Promising Avenue for Metabolic Syndrome TherapyView all 4 articles

Nuts consumption in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review

Provisionally accepted
  • 1Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina, Botucatu, Brazil
  • 2Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Nuts possess a beneficial nutritional profile with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially improving health outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This systematic review evaluates the association between nut intake and lipid profile, inflammation, oxidative stress, blood pressure, and mortality in patients with CKD. A systematic search was performed in Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases on 27 May 2024 and repeated on 13 February 2025 without restrictions on date, language, or study type. The search identified 2,521 records, with four studies (three trials, one cohort) involving 1,270 CKD patients meeting the inclusion criteria. The studies were heterogeneous in terms of intervention and biomarkers assessed, and all of them had moderate-to-high risk of bias. Overall the findings indicate positive effects of Brazil nuts and baru almond oil on oxidative stress and inflammation markers, while walnuts reduced LDL cholesterol and blood pressure while posing no risk regarding electrolytes balance. Further, the consumption of total nuts was associated with reduction in all-cause mortality. Our review indicates potential benefits for the inclusion of nuts in the diet of patients with CKD, but further studies are required to translate findings into practice.

Keywords: Nuts, Chronic Kidney Disease, nutrition, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Blood Pressure, Mortality

Received: 04 Jul 2025; Accepted: 30 Sep 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Lazzarin, Simões Ballarin, Azevedo, R Cardoso and Minicucci. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence:
Taline Lazzarin, taline.lazzarin@unesp.br
Barbara R Cardoso, barbara.cardoso@monash.edu

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.