ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Clinical Nutrition
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1661468
This article is part of the Research TopicFunctional Foods for Metabolic HealthView all 30 articles
In vivo effects of javamide-I/-II on metabolic, hepatic, cardiovascular and inflammatory risk factors
Provisionally accepted
Jae Park*
Renee Peters- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), Beltsville, United States
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Background: Javamide-I/-II (J1/J2) are bioactive compounds found in coffee. Recent studies suggest that J1/J2 may possess anti-inflammatory activity. However, there is no information about the effects of J1/J2 on inflammatory cytokines and other health-related factors in vivo. Methods: To investigate the effects of J1/J2 on inflammatory and other health-related factors (metabolic/growth/hepatic/cardiovascular/ risk factors) in vivo, rats were placed into two groups: CG group (a control diet/drinking water, n=10) and JG group (a normal diet/drinking water containing J1/J2, n=10). The study was performed for 16 weeks. During the study, bodyweight and water consumption were monitored weekly, and O-red, ALT, AST, IGF1, IGF-1, growth hormone, sE-selectin, sICAM, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1 were measured by histochemistry and ELISA methods. The amounts of J1/J2 were measured by HPLC. Results: The average daily intakes of J1 and J2 were found to be about 0.13 and 0.38 mg, respectively, and no significant difference in bodyweight was found between the CG and JG groups. Also, O-red/HE stains showed no significant difference between both groups, suggesting that J1/J2 may have no adverse effect on the liver. Also, there was no difference in ALT level between both groups. However, the level of AST was significantly lower in the JG group compared to the CG group (P<0.05). Additionally, J1/J2 had no significant effects on growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1 in the JG group, compared to the CG group. Also, there was no significant difference in sE-selectin and sICAM levels between both groups. However, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 levels were significantly lower in the JG group, compared to the CG group (P<0.05), suggesting that J1/J2 may have positive effects on these inflammatory cytokines in vivo. Conclusion: J1/J2 may have beneficial effects on hepatic and inflammatory factors (AST, TNF-alpha and MCP-1) without adverse effects on bodyweight, liver, ALT, GH, IGF-1, sE-selectin, and sICAM in rats.
Keywords: in vivo effects of javamide-I/-II, ALT and AST, sE-selectin, sICAM, IGF-1, Growth Hormone, tNF-alpha, MCP-1
Received: 07 Jul 2025; Accepted: 26 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Park and Peters. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Jae Park, jae.park@ars.usda.gov
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