SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Clinical Nutrition
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1669129
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and the Risk of Hyperuricemia and Gout: A Meta-Analysis
Provisionally accepted
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fructose, and the risk of gout and hyperuricemia. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for observational studies from inception to March 2025. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random/fixed-effects models. Subgroup analyses explored sex. Heterogeneity (I²) and publication bias were assessed. Results: A total of 22 studies (235,790 participants) were included. SSB intake significantly increased the risk of hyperuricemia (OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.23-1.44) and gout (OR=1.21; 95% CI 1.11-1.32). Fruit juice (FJ) showed a modest association with hyperuricemia (OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.02-1.29) and an increased risk of gout (OR=1.28; 95% CI 0.96-1.72). Fructose consumption was strongly associated with increased gout risk (OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.27-2.18), but its relationship with hyperuricemia was inconsistent (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 0.85-1.46). DSD showed a modest association with gout (OR=1.14; 95% CI 0.95-1.35). Subgroup analysis revealed SSB and FJ consumption associated with elevated risks of hyperuricemia in males (SSBs: 1.37; FJ: 1.15) compared to females (SSBs: 1.29; FJ: 1.13). Conclusions: SSB consumption is associated with increased risks of hyperuricemia and gout, particularly in males.
Keywords: sugar-sweetened beverages, Hyperuricemia, Gout, Fructose, Meta-analysis, Observational studies
Received: 19 Jul 2025; Accepted: 29 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Lu, Wang, Huang, Pan, Xie, Wen, Huang and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Lin Huang, huanglin@zcmu.edu.cn
Xuanlin Li, lixuanlinhnzy@163.com
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.