ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology and Prevention
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1623805
This article is part of the Research TopicChallenges in Reaching the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets in Sub-Saharan Africa: Status, Innovations and Pathways ForwardView all 14 articles
Predictors of Loss to Follow-Up Among People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in a Rural Health Facility Using Paper-Based Records
Provisionally accepted
- 1School of Public Health, University of Ghana, ACCRA, Ghana
- 2St. Theresa's Hospital, Nandom, Ghana
- 3Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Most studies on loss to follow-up (LTFU) among people living with HIV are done in urban Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) centers that have electronic medical records system. However, there are limited studies in ART centers in rural areas that rely solely on paper-based medical records (PBMR). This study aimed to determine the incidence, trends, and predictors of LTFU among people living with HIV at a rural health facility in Ghana that rely on PBMR.A retrospective cohort analysis of 232 HIV registrants who received care at St. Theresa's Hospital, Nandom Municipality, Ghana between 2018 and 2022 was conducted. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine failure probabilities, and the Cox proportional hazard regression was used to identify predictors of LTFU.The incidence proportion of LTFU was 24.14%, with a rate of 9.57 per 1000 p-m. There was a significant decline in cases of LTFU from 2018-2022, although registrants under 25 years and males exhibited an increase in LTFU risk from 2021 to 2022. Registrants who had a viral load of 1000 copies or more had an increased risk of LTFU (aHR=3.52, 95% CI: 1.39-9.00). Conversely, adherence to ART (aHR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.12-0.68), HIV status disclosure (aHR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.14-0.84), and being in WHO stage 2 (aHR=0.10, 95% CI: 0.03-0.31) or stage 3 (aHR=0.21, 95% CI: 0.08-0.52) act as protective factors for LTFU.This study identified key predictors of LTFU among people living with HIV in a rural health facility, providing valuable insights to the existing literature. Targeted strategies should prioritize viral suppression, support ART adherence, and encourage status disclosure to improve retention, particularly in rural settings.
Keywords: LTFU, hiv/aids, rural health facility, Art, PLWHIV, Ghana Indent: Left: 1", Don't suppress line numbers Formatted: Indent: Left: 1", Space Before: 6 pt
Received: 06 May 2025; Accepted: 05 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Abugah, Yabelang, Akorlie, Mahama and Abuaku. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Benjamin Abuaku, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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