ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology and Prevention
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1634772
This article is part of the Research TopicWorld TB Day 2025: Yes! We Can End TB: Commit, Invest, DeliverView all 3 articles
Global, Regional, and National Burdens of MDR-TB Attributable to Smoking From 1990 to 2021 with a prediction from 2022 to 2050
Provisionally accepted
- 1Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- 2The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Objective: The aim was to offer a comprehensive epidemiological assessment of the global prevalence and the smoking-related Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB) disease burden from 1990 to 2021 and to forecast the trends in smoking burden over three decades. Methods: We compared the burden of smoking-related MDR-TB and temporal trends by gender, age, socio-demographic index (SDI), region, and country. forecasting analyses of the changing trend in the burden of smoking-related MDR-TB up to 2050 was conducted based on the ARIMA model and ES models. Results: The global age-standardized rate (ASR) of smoking-related MDR-TB increased from 1990 to 2021, highlighting a significant disease burden. In 2021, the cumulative Disability adjusted life years(DALYs) attributed to MDR-TB tallied up to 239707 cases, with Lesotho, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, bearing the brunt. The likelihood of developing MDR-TB rose as individuals advanced in years, manifesting most acutely among men aged 35-39 in lower SDI and Low-middle SDI regions. Predictive analysis suggests that by 2050, deaths and DALYs of smoking-related MDR-TB, as well as their corresponding ASR, will continue to decrease. Conclusions: The burden of MDR-TB worldwide, adjusted for age, and related to smoking, has shown a decline from 1990 to 2021. However, regional disparities have been identified, with some areas experiencing an increase in this burden. These regions with a higher burden emphasize the necessity for the implementation of strong tobacco control measures.
Keywords: Smoking, Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), Mortality, Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), GBD database
Received: 25 May 2025; Accepted: 28 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Dan, du, zhang, wen and Yuan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
xue wen, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
Yadong Yuan, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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