ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Environmental Health and Exposome
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1650255
Climate Change and Ocular Health: Temperature-Pollution Synergies Amplify Uveitis Burden
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, shanghai, China
- 2The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Background Uveitis, an inflammatory eye disease, exhibits seasonal patterns, which suggest environmental influences. This study examines the link between average temperature and uveitis outpatient visits, considering air pollution's modifying effects.We analyzed uveitis outpatient data (n=8,090) from a major hospital in Shanghai between 2017 and 2023, along with meteorological and air pollutant data. A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to assess the associations between temperature and outpatient visits, adjusting for humidity, pollutants, and temporal factors.Results A non-linear relationship exists between temperature and uveitis visits. Lower temperatures increased visits, with peak relative risk at -4℃ lagged by 1 day (RR=1.351, 95%CI: 1.069-1.706).Significant associations were found at lags 0-1 and 12-14, with the highest risk at lag 14 (-4℃, RR=1.257, 95%CI: 1.113-1.420). Stratified analyses showed stronger associations in males and individuals under 60 years. High humidity and elevated PM2.5 levels strengthened the cold temperature association, while extremely high temperatures (33-34℃) increased visits under low humidity (RR=2.625, 95%CI: 1.034-6.668 at 34℃).Temperature extremes are linked to increased uveitis outpatient visits in Shanghai, particularly with cold temperatures in high-humidity and high-PM2.5 environments, and hot temperatures under low humidity.
Keywords: Uveitis, Outpatient visits, temperature, Distributed lag nonlinear model, Air Pollution
Received: 19 Jun 2025; Accepted: 14 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Tan, Yin, Lei, Zhou, Gu, You, Lin and Gong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Tong Lin, Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, shanghai, China
Lan Gong, Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, shanghai, China
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