CORRECTION article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Aging and Public Health
Multimorbidity patterns and cognitive frailty in adults aged over 50 years: China perspective
Provisionally accepted
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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association between CCVD and SG, SCD, or cognitive frailty is well supported by prior research, but our study advances this understanding by focusing on their co-occurrence in SCD-SG, MCI-SG. Notably, while the rising prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China underscore the clinical relevance of these links (29), prior workincluding a recent study (30) has primarily focused on aggregate multimorbidity burden or isolated cognitive or gait outcomes rather than their combined presentation in preclinical stages.Some studies reported that cardiovascular and metabolic multimorbidity correlates with incident cognitive frailty in older adults, emphasizing shared inflammatory pathways (31,32).Our findings align with this mechanistic framework: elevated IL-6 and C-reactive protein have been linked to SG (33), reduced gray matter and hippocampal volume (34, 35)structures critical for cognition and gait regulation-and subsequent cognitive decline (36).However, we extend this work by demonstrating that these inflammatory pathways also intersect with gender-specific comorbidities in preclinical AD subgroups, a gap not addressed in prior research.A key novel finding of our study is the higher incidence of liver cirrhosis in females with coexisting cognitive decline and SG-an association rarely reported in cognitive-gait comorbidity research. This may stem from gender-specific metabolic alterations, hormonal fluctuations, malabsorption, or age-related muscle strength decline (37), all of which interact with inflammatory pathways highlighted in the Experimental Gerontology study. Additionally, our observation of poor handgrip strength (a core frailty marker) in SCD-SG and MCI-SG subgroups reinforces prior links between IL-6, reduced muscle mass, and cognitive impairment (38,39), but contextualizes this within preclinical AD-where intervention potential is greatest. Together, these findings refine the multimorbidity profile of cognitive decline and SG, distinguishing our work from prior aggregate analyses and highlighting novel targets for early intervention. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these gender-specific associations and explore causal relationships.]"The reference originally numbered 30 is renumbered as 33, and so on, with a total of 39 references. Attached are the revised references.
Keywords: aged over 50 years, cognitive frailty, Mild cognitive, multimorbidity, Slow Gait
Received: 02 Dec 2025; Accepted: 03 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Jiehua, Ren, hu, jin and Guo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Qihao Guo
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