Although doxyPEP can be effective in certain populations, its broader implications for antimicrobial resistance require continued monitoring. The potential benefits of preventing infection must therefore be considered alongside the possibility of increasing antimicrobial selection pressure and altering microbial communities.We can conclude that AMR is a complex phenomenon that cannot be effectively controlled by a single discipline, intervention, or sector. Its drivers and consequences span human and animal health, agriculture, and the environment, making an integrated One Health approach essential. Effective action requires strong governance, responsible antimicrobial use, antimicrobial stewardship, infection prevention, improved diagnostics, genomic surveillance, education, vaccination, and continued research into sustainable alternatives. Such integration can help identify emerging threats earlier and allow interventions to be targeted where they are most needed.
