In the original article, there was a mistake in Table 1 as published. The reported sensitivity unit should be kcps/MBq (instead of kcps/kBq). The corrected Table 1 appears below. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.
Table 1
| SPECT/CT | PET/CT | PET/SPECT/CT | PET/MR | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Company | Siemens | GE | Philips | Siemens | Philips | GE | Toshiba | Kindsway Biotech | United Imaging | Mediso | Siemens | Philips | GE | ||||
| System name | Intevo | Discovery NM/CT 670 | BrightView XCT | mCT & mCT Flow | Ingenuity PET/CT | Vereos | Discovery 690 | Discovery IQ | Celestion | PoleStar m660 | uMI 510 | uMI 780 | Anyscan | mMR | Ingenuity PET/MR | Signa | |
| References | [18] | [19, 20] | [21] | [22] | [23] | [24] | [25] | [26] | [27] | Vendor | Vendor webpage | [28] | [29] | [30] | |||
| PET specifications | Scintillator | – | – | – | LSO | LYSO | LYSO | LYSO | BGO | LYSO | LYSO | LYSO | LYSO | LYSO | LSO | LYSO | LBS |
| Crystal size (mm3) | – | – | - | 4 × 4 × 20 | 4 × 4 × 22 | 4 × 4 × 19 | 4.2 × 6.3 × 25 | 6.3 × 6.3 × 30 | 4 × 4 × 12 | 3.63 × 3.63 × 20 | 2.35 × 2.35 × 15 | 2.76 × 2.59 × 18 | 3.9 × 3.9 × 20 | 4 × 4 × 20 | 4 × 4 × 22 | 4.2 × 5.3 × 25 | |
| Total detector elements | – | – | – | 32 448 | 28 336 | 23 040 | 13 824 | 11 520 | 30 720 | 37 632 | 110 592 | 101 920 | 39 672 | 28 672 | 28 336 | 20 160 | |
| Photo-detector | – | – | – | PMT | PMT | dSiPM | PMT | PMT | PMT | PMT | PMT | SiPM | PMT | APD | PMT | SiPM | |
| ToF capability | – | – | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Patient bore (cm) | – | – | – | 78.0 | 71.7 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 74.0 | 88.0 | N.A. | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 60.0 | 70.7 | 60.0 | |
| Transaxial FOV (cm) | – | – | – | 81.5 | 67.6 | N.A. | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | N.A. | 70.0 | 70.0 | 55.0 | 59.4 | N.A. | 60.0 | |
| Axial FOV (cm) | – | – | – | 21.8 | 18.0 | 16.4 | 15.7 | 26.0 | 19.6 | N.A. | 23.6 | 30.0 | 23.0 | 25.8 | 18.0 | 25.0 | |
| Energy window (keV) | – | – | – | 435–650 | 440–665 | N.A. | 425–650 | 425–650 | 425–650 | 425–650 | N.A. | LLD, 430 | N.A. | 430–610 | 460–665 | 425–650 | |
| Energy resolution (%) | – | – | – | 11.5 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 12.4 | N.A. | 12.4 | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | 14.5 | 11.6 | 11.0 | |
| Time coincidence window (ns) | – | – | – | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.9 | 9.5 | 1.6–3.2 | 4.1 | N.A. | N.A. | 5.0 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 4.6 | |
| Time resolution (ns) | – | – | – | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | N.A. | 0.4 | 0.43 | 0.485 | N.A. | N.A. | 2.9 | 0.5 | 0.4 | |
| Transaxial Resolution 1 cm/10 cm (mm) | – | – | – | 4.4/4.9 | 4.8/5.1 | 4.1/4.5 | 4.7/5.0 | 4.5/5.4 | 5.1/5.1 | 3.76/4.56 | 2.85/3.07 | Max resol. 2.9 | 4.1/4.9 | 4.3/5.0 | 4.7/5.1 | 4.2/5.2 | |
| Axial Resolution 1 cm/10 cm (mm) | – | – | – | 4.4/5.9 | 4.7/5.2 | 4.0/4.3 | 4.7/5.6 | 4.8/4.8 | 5.0 /5.4 | 3.64/5.29 | 3.01/2.97 | 4.2/5.1 | 4.3/6.6 | 4.6/5.0 | 5.8/7.1 | ||
| Sensitivity (kcps/MBq) | – | – | – | 9.7 | 7.3 | 5.7 | 7.4 | 22.8 | 3.8 | 10.9 | 8.3 | 16 | 8.1 | 15.0 | 7.0 | 21.0 | |
| Scatter Fraction (%) | – | – | – | 33.2 | 36.7 | 30.0 | 37.0 | 36.2 | 37.3 | N.A. | 38.4 | 40.0 | N.A. | 37.9 at peak NECR | 26.0 | 43.6 at peak NECR | |
| Peak NEC (kcps @ kBq/mL) | – | – | – | 180 @ 28 | 124 @ 20.3 | 171 @ 50 | 139 @ 29 | 124 @ 9.1 | 70 @ 29.6 | 224.6 @ 29.0 | 109 @ 21.5 | 170 @ 16.0 | 150 @ N.A. | 184 @ 23.1 | 89 @ 13.7 | 210 @ 17.5 | |
| SPECT specifications | Detector type | 3.8 in. NaI | 3.8 in. NaI | 3.8 in. NaI | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | NaI | – | – | – |
| Photo-detector | PMT | PMT | PMT | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 60(48) PMT | – | – | – | |
| Detector size (cm) | 38.7 × 53.3 | 40.6 × 54.0 | 40.0 × 54.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 58.5(55.8) × 47.0(41.8) | – | – | – | |
| CT specifications | Max CT slices | 2,6,16 | 16 | Cone beam | 128 | 128 | 128 | 64 | 16 | 16 | 64 | 16 | 128 | 16 | – | – | – |
| CT tube max voltage (kVp) | 130 | 140 | 120 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 135 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | – | – | – | |
| CT tube max current (mA) | 345 | 440 | 80 | 800 | 665 | 665 | 800 | 440 | 600 | 667 | 420 | 833 | 500 | – | – | – | |
| Max CT rotation (s) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 12 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.35 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.39 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | – | – | – | |
| MR specifications | PET/MR integration | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Fully integrated | Sequential | Fully integrated |
| Magnet | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Superconductor | Superconductor | Superconductor | |
| Magnetic field | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3T | 3T | 3T | |
| Magnet length (cm) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 163 | 157 | N.A. | |
| Magnet bore (cm) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 60 | 60 | 60 | |
| Maximum FOV (cm3) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 60 | 50 × 50 × 45 | 50 × 50 × 50 | |
PET, SPECT, CT, and MR specifications of selected dual and triple modality clinical systems commercially available.
N.A., data not available.
The original article has been updated.
Statements
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Summary
Keywords
hybrid imaging, combined imaging, instrumentation, nuclear medicine, data processing, data corrections
Citation
Cal-Gonzalez J, Rausch I, Shiyam Sundar LK, Lassen ML, Muzik O, Moser E, Papp L and Beyer T (2018) Corrigendum: Hybrid Imaging: Instrumentation and Data Processing. Front. Phys. 6:103. doi: 10.3389/fphy.2018.00103
Received
02 July 2018
Accepted
23 August 2018
Published
11 September 2018
Volume
6 - 2018
Edited and reviewed by
Claudia Kuntner, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Austria
Updates
Copyright
© 2018 Cal-Gonzalez, Rausch, Shiyam Sundar, Lassen, Muzik, Moser, Papp and Beyer.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Jacobo Cal-Gonzalez jacobo.calgonzalez@meduniwien.ac.at
This article was submitted to Biomedical Physics, a section of the journal Frontiers in Physics
Disclaimer
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