ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Chem.
Sec. Analytical Chemistry
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fchem.2025.1605810
Simultaneous determination of 101 volatile organic compounds released from plastic runway tracks based on the environmental chamber-canister sampling-three-stage cold trap preconcentration-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection method
Provisionally accepted
- Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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This paper provides a strategy for detecting and monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from plastic runway tracks. The method applies a simultaneous determination of 101 VOCs based on the environmental chamber-canister sampling-three-stage cold trap preconcentration-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection (GC-MS/FID) method. For this purpose, an environmental chamber, SUMMA canisters, an atmospheric pre-concentrator, and a GC-MS/FID dual detection setup were adopted to collect VOCs released from plastic athletic tracks in an environmental chamber, followed by their preconcentration in a three-stage cold trap including glass-bead cold trap concentration, Tenax tube cold trap concentration, and capillary glass tube absorption focusing. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of VOCs were conducted. The obtained results showed that the optimal environmental parameters for releasing VOCs from plastic runway tracks were an ambient temperature of 60℃, a relative humidity (RH) of 5%, an air exchange rate (AER) of 1.0 h-1, and a release time of 24 h. The established method showed a linear relationship within a range from 0.8 to 16.0 ppb, with linear correlation coefficients for different compounds ranging from 0.9546 to 1.0000. The detection limits of the method ranged from 0.01 to 0.74 µg·m-3 (equivalent to 0.005~0.220 ppb, at 60 °C and 1 atm), the relative error (n = 7) was between -10.16 and 12.84%, and the relative standard deviation (n = 7) was from 0.16 to 4.94%. The released VOCs can be divided into 7 categories, including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, oxygenated organic compounds, and nitrogenous organic compounds. Acetone, (Z)-1,2-dichloroethene, 3-methylheptane, n-octane, n-decane, n-butane, trans-2-pentene, styrene, and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane were common VOCs contained in athletic plastic tracks. The established simultaneous determination of VOCs based on the environmental chamber-canister sampling-three-stage cold trap preconcentration-GC-MS/FID method showed good linear and correlation relationships, high sensitivity and precision, and strong repeatability, which is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative detection of 101 kinds of VOCs from plastic athletic tracks. Finally, it was concluded that small differences in the mass concentration of the main VOC monomers appear in different athletic plastic tracks.
Keywords: plastic runway tracks, environmental chamber, gas chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, Volatile Organic Compounds
Received: 04 Apr 2025; Accepted: 24 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Liu, Zheng, Wang, Meng, Huang and Ma. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Gan Liu, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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