ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutritional Epidemiology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1574438
This article is part of the Research TopicNutrition, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Obstetrics and GynecologyView all 17 articles
Nitrate containing vegetables, dietary nitrate and odds of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a case control study
Provisionally accepted
- 1School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Thailand
- 2School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Background: Vegetables are the primary dietary source of nitrate. Recent studies have suggested a potential link between vegetable nitrate content and reduced risk of chronic diseases. This study aimed to assess the association between nitrate-containing vegetables (NCVs) and the odds of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 310 newly diagnosed PCOS cases and 620 controls, aged 20-35 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire.The odds of PCOS decreased as the intake of nitrate-containing vegetables increased. Each standard deviation increment in nitrate content of vegetables (adjusted OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.54-0.93) and fruits (adjusted OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39-0.91) was associated with reduced odds of PCOS (P < 0.05). Conversely, a positive association was observed between each standard deviation increment in nitrate content of dairy products, meats, and processed meats with odds of PCOS (adjusted OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.05-1.72, P < 0.05).Conclusion: These findings suggest that higher intake of vegetable nitrate may be associated with decreased odds of PCOS. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this relationship and to confirm these results in prospective studies.
Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, pcos, Nitrate-Containing vegetables, NCVS, nitrate
Received: 27 Feb 2025; Accepted: 16 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Direksunthorn, Pluetrattanabha and Wittayapun. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Nakaraj Pluetrattanabha, School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhorn Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
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