REVIEW article

Front. Nutr.

Sec. Nutrition and Microbes

Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1591341

Dietary patterns influencing the human colonic microbiota from infancy to centenarian age: a narrative review

Provisionally accepted
  • 1Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
  • 2High Value Nutrition, Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
  • 3Department of Human Nutrition, Division of Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
  • 4Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  • 5AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Our dietary choices not only affect our body but also shape the microbial community inhabiting our large intestine. The colonic microbiota strongly influences our physiology, playing a crucial role in both disease prevention and development. Hence, dietary strategies to modulate colonic microbes have gained notable attention. However, most diet-colonic microbiota research has focused on adults, often neglecting other key life stages, such as infancy and older adulthood. In this narrative review, we explore the impact of various dietary patterns on the colonic microbiota from early infancy to centenarian age, aiming to identify age-specific diets promoting health and well-being by nourishing the microbiota. Diversified diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with daily consumption of fermented foods, and moderate amounts of fish and lean meats (two to four times a week), increase colonic microbial diversity, the abundance of saccharolytic taxa, and the production of beneficial microbial metabolites. Most of the current knowledge of diet-microbiota interactions is limited to studies using fecal samples as a proxy. Future directions in colonic microbiota research include personalized in silico simulations to predict the impact of diets on colonic microbes. Complementary to traditional methodologies, modelling has the potential to reduce the costs of colonic microbiota investigations, accelerate our understanding of diet-microbiota interactions, and contribute to the advancement of personalized nutrition across various life stages.

Keywords: gut microbiota1, diet2, infant3, adult4, older adult5, centenarian6

Received: 11 Mar 2025; Accepted: 12 May 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Geniselli Da Silva, Roy, Smith, Wall, Mullaney and McNabb. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence:
Vitor Geniselli Da Silva, Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Warren Charles McNabb, Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

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