Corrigendum: United States Dietary Trends Since 1800: Lack of Association Between Saturated Fatty Acid Consumption and Noncommunicable Diseases

Joyce Hsiang Ju Lee^1*Orrin Devinsky²

• ¹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
• ²New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States

In the published article, there were the following errors. A correction has been made to [2.1 Data Limitations], [Paragraph Number 3]. This sentence previously stated: "Ready-to-eat cereal data were not available from 1989-2012. The USDA ERS acknowledged inaccuracies due to "incomplete reporting, inaccurate conversion factors, and inappropriate estimation techniques," as well as information on retailers' and wholesalers' inventories."The corrected sentence appears below (removed an extra space):"Ready-to-eat cereal data were not available from 1989-2012. The USDA ERS acknowledged inaccuracies due to "incomplete reporting, inaccurate conversion factors, and inappropriate estimation techniques," as well as information on retailers' and wholesalers' inventories." A correction has been made to [3.4 Eggs], This sentence previously stated: "Estimated egg availability per capita increased 297% from 1800 to 2019 (9.5 to 37.7 lbs.). After adjusting for food loss, between 1970 and 2019, egg availability decreased 5% (24.9 to 23.7 lbs)."The corrected sentence appears below (added a period after lbs):"Estimated egg availability per capita increased 297% from 1800 to 2019 (9.5 to 37.7 lbs.). After adjusting for food loss, between 1970 and 2019, egg availability decreased 5% (24.9 to 23.7 lbs.)." A correction has been made to [3.7 Added Fats and Oils], [Paragraph Number 5]. This sentence previously stated: "One hundred grams of butter contains 848 g of total fat with 45.5 g saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 17 g monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and 2.5 g polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), simplified as 848 g/45.5 g/17 g/2.5 g for total fat/SFAs/MUFAs/PUFAs."The corrected sentence appears below (changed the number 848 to 65):"One hundred grams of butter contains 65 g of total fat with 45.5 g saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 17 g monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and 2.5 g polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), simplified as 65 g/45.5 g/17 g/2.5 g for total fat/SFAs/MUFAs/PUFAs." A correction has been made to [3.10.1 Caloric Sweeteners], [Paragraph Number 1]. This sentence previously stated: "Estimated total caloric sweetener (cane and beet sugar, corn sweeteners, edible syrups, and honey) availability increased 206% from 1875 to 2019 ( 40.3 The corrected sentence appears below (erased an extra space):"Estimated total caloric sweetener (cane and beet sugar, corn sweeteners, edible syrups, andIn the original article, line 94, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (7,8), it should be corrected to be written as (9,10).The old references were listed to be:Teng KT, Chang LF, Vethakkan SR, Nesaretnam K, Sanders TAB. Effects of exchanging carbohydrate or monounsaturated fat with saturated fat on inflammatory and thrombogenic responses in subjects with abdominal obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr. ( 2017 In the original article, line 96, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written missing citation, it should be corrected to be written as (11).The new reference added includes the following: 11. McGovern G. Dietary goals for the United States. Report of the Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs of the United States Senate. 1977. Available from: https://ia902204.us.archive.org/32/items/CAT10527234/CAT10527234.pdf In the original article, line 100, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), it should be corrected to be written as (15-20).The old references were listed to be: Williams RR, Sorlie PD, Feinleib M, McNamara PM, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. Cancer incidence by levels of cholesterol. J Am Med Assoc. (1981) In the original article, line 102, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (19,20), it should be corrected to be written as (21,22).The old references were listed to be: In the original article, line 105, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (21), it should be corrected to be written as (23). In the original article, line 106, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (22,23), it should be corrected to be written as (9,24).The old references were listed to be: In the original article, line 112, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (24), it should be corrected to be written as (25).Mann GV, Pearson G, GordonThe old references were listed to be: In the original article, line 115, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (25), it should be corrected to be written as (26,27).The old references were listed to be: In the original article, line 118, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (3,9), it should be corrected to be written as (3,11).Keys A. DietThe old references were listed to be: Central Committee for Medical and Community Program of the American Heart Association. Dietary fat and its relation to heart attacks and strokes. J Am Med Assoc. (1961) In the original article, line 120, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (26)(27)(28), it should be corrected to be written as (28)(29)(30).The old references were listed to be: In the original article, line 151, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of ( 29), it should be corrected to be written as (31).Byers T.The old references were listed to be: US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service (ERS). Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System. Available online at: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/foodavailability-per-capita-data-system/ The new references are corrected to the following: 31. US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System. Available from: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-availability-per-capita-data-system/ In the original article, line 153, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (44,45), it should be corrected to be written as (46,47). In the original article, line 166, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of ( 29), it should be corrected to be written as (31).The old references were listed to be: US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service (ERS). Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System. Available online at: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-availability-per-capita-data-system/ The new references are corrected to the following: 31. US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System. Available from: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-availability-per-capita-data-system/ In the original article, line 186, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of ( 29), it should be corrected to be written as (31).The old references were listed to be: US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service (ERS). Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System. Available online at: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-availability-per-capita-data-system/ The new references are corrected to the following: 31. US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System. Available from: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-availability-per-capita-data-system/ In the original article, line 196, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of ( 29), it should be corrected to be written as (31).The old references were listed to be: US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service (ERS). Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System. Available online at: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-availability-per-capita-data-system/ The new references are corrected to the following: 31. US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System. Available from: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-availability-per-capita-data-system/ In the original article, line 201, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (29), it should be corrected to be written as (31).The old references were listed to be: US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service (ERS). Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System. Available online at: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-availability-per-capita-data-system/ The new references are corrected to the following: 31. US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System. Available from: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-availability-per-capita-data-system/ In the original article, line 206, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (46), it should be corrected to be written as (48).The old references were listed to be:The New York Times. Farm Population Lowest Since 1850's. (1988) In the original article, line 207, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (47), it should be corrected to be written as (49).The old references were listed to be: Encyclopaedia Britannica,. Offal. (1998). Available online at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/offal (accessed July 6, 2021).The new references are corrected to the following: 49. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Offal. 1998. Available from: https://www.britannica.com/topic/offal. Accessed 2021 Jul 6.In the original article, line 208, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (48), it should be corrected to be written as (50).The old references were listed to be: In the original article, line 215, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (29,48), it should be corrected to be written as (31,50).The old references were listed to be: In the original article, line 219, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (51), it should be corrected to be written as (53). In the original article, line 312, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (52), it should be corrected to be written as (54).USThe old references were listed to be: In the original article, line 355, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (53), it should be corrected to be written as (55).USThe old references were listed to be: In the original article, line 360, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (54), it should be corrected to be written as (56).SlaterThe old references were listed to be: State of Rhode Island Department of Health. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages. Available online at: https://health.ri.gov/healthrisks/sugarsweetenedbeverages/ (accessed July 14, 2021).The new references are corrected to the following: 56. State of Rhode Island Department of Health. Sugar-sweetened beverages. Available from: https://health.ri.gov/healthrisks/sugarsweetenedbeverages/. Accessed 2021 Jul 14.In the original article, line 361, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (55), it should be corrected to be written as (57).The old references were listed to be: Bray GA, Popkin BM. Dietary sugar and body weight: have we reached a crisis in the epidemic of obesity and diabetes?: health be damned! Pour on the sugar. Diabetes Care. (2014) 37:950-6. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2085The new references are corrected to the following: 57. Bray GA, Popkin BM. Dietary sugar and body weight: have we reached a crisis in the epidemic of obesity and diabetes?: health be damned! Pour on the sugar. Diabetes Care. 2014 Apr;37(4):950-6. doi:10.2337/dc13-2085.In the original article, line 367, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (56), it should be corrected to be written as (58). In the original article, line 373, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (57), it should be corrected to be written as (59). In the original article, line 399, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (58), it should be corrected to be written as (60).The old references were listed to be: Mattes RD, Popkin BM. Nonnutritive sweetener consumption in humans: effects on appetite and food intake and their putative mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr. (2009) 89:1-14. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26792The new references are corrected to the following: 60. Mattes RD, Popkin BM. Nonnutritive sweetener consumption in humans: effects on appetite and food intake and their putative mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jan;89(1):1-14. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26792.In the original article, line 407, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (59), it should be corrected to be written as (61). In the original article, line 412, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (49), it should be corrected to be written as (51).The old references were listed to be: Putnam JJ, Allshouse JE. Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, ERS (1999).The new references are corrected to the following: 51. Putnam JJ, Allshouse JE. Food consumption, prices, and expenditures, 1970-97. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service; 1999. Available from: https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details?pubid=47115#overview In the original article, line 417, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (35), it should be corrected to be written as (37).The old references were listed to be: Root W, de Rochemont R. Eating in America, A History. New York, NY: William Morrow and Company, Inc. (1976) The new references are corrected to the following: 37. Root W, de Rochemont R. Eating in America: a history. New York, NY: William Morrow and Company, Inc.; 1976.In the original article, line 457, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (60), it should be corrected to be written as (62). In the original article, line 464, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (61-65), it should be corrected to be written as (63-67).The old references were listed to be: In the original article, line 476, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (67), it should be corrected to be written as (69). In the original article, line 483, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (68), it should be corrected to be written as (70).StiebelingThe old references were listed to be:Smith JD, Zhu Y, Vanage V, Jain N, Holschuh N, Hermetet Agler A. Association between ready-to-eat cereal consumption and nutrient intake, nutritional adequacy, and diet quality among infants, toddlers, and children in the national health and nutrition examination survey 2015-2016. Nutrients. ( 2019 In the original article, line 494, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (44), it should be corrected to be written as (46). In the original article, line 513, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (48,71-75), it should be corrected to be written as (50,73-77).The old references were listed to be: In the original article, line 529, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (77), it should be corrected to be written as (79).The old references were listed to be: In the original article, line 535, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (78), it should be corrected to be written as (80).The old references were listed to be: Heini AF, Weinsier RL. Divergent trends in obesity and fat intake patterns: the American paradox. Am J Med. (1997) 102:259-64. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9343(96)00456-1The new references are corrected to the following: 80. Heini AF, Weinsier RL. Divergent trends in obesity and fat intake patterns: the American paradox. Am J Med. 1997 Mar;102(3):259-64. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(96)00456-1.In the original article, line 542, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (9), it should be corrected to be written as (11).The old references were listed to be: In the original article, line 544, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (79), it should be corrected to be written as (81).The old references were listed to be: Schneeman BO. The dietary guidelines for Americans. J Am Diet Assoc. (2001) 101:742-3. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00183-3The new references are corrected to the following: 81. Schneeman BO. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans: a basis for US nutrition policy. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001 Jul;101(7):742-3. doi:10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00183-3.In the original article, line 551, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (76), it should be corrected to be written as (80). In the original article, line 556, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (80), it should be corrected to be written as (9).The old references were listed to be: Kannel WB, Gordon T. The Framingham diet study: diet and the regulation of serum cholesterol. In: The Framingham study: An Epidemiologic Investigation of Cardiovascular Disease. Section 24. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Institutes of Health (1971).The new references are corrected to the following: 9. Gordon T, Kannel WB. Framingham Study. Framingham, MA: Framingham Heart Study; 1968 Jun. Available from: https://archive.org/details/framinghamstudye00kann_22/page/n3/mode/2up In the original article, line 561, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (81), it should be corrected to be written as (82).The old references were listed to be: Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. The Framingham study. Am J Med. (1977) 62:707-14. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(77)90874-9The new references are corrected to the following: 82. Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Am J Med. 1977 May;62(5):707-14. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(77)90874-9.In the original article, line 562, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (82,83), it should be corrected to be written as (83,84).The old references were listed to be:Fredrickson DS, Lees RS. A system for phenotyping hyperlipoproteinemia. Circulation. ( 1965 In the original article, line 566, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (84,85), it should be corrected to be written as (85,86).The old references were listed to be: In the original article, line 568, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (80), it should be corrected to be written as (9).The old references were listed to be: Kannel WB, Gordon T. The Framingham diet study: diet and the regulation of serum cholesterol. In: The Framingham study: An Epidemiologic Investigation of Cardiovascular Disease. Section 24. Washington In the original article, line 572, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (9), it should be removed.The old references were listed to be: Walker AR, Walker BF. The Surgeon General's Report on Nutrition and Health. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; Department of Human Services (1989). doi:10.1093/ajcn/50.4.884The new references are corrected to the following: N/A, removed In the original article, line 575, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (90), it should be corrected to be written as (11). In the original article, line 577, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (24), it should be corrected to be written as (25). In the original article, line 583, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (91), it should be corrected to be written as (90). In the original article, line 588, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (94-96), it should be corrected to be written as (92,93). In the original article, line 597, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (97), it should be corrected to be written as (94). In the original article, line 607, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (110), it should be corrected to be written as (106). In the original article, line 613, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (78), it should be removed.The old references were listed to be: Heini AF, Weinsier RL. Divergent trends in obesity and fat intake patterns: the American paradox. Am J Med. (1997) 102:259-64. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9343(96)00456-1The new references are corrected to the following: N/A-Reference removed In the original article, line 614, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (80), it should be corrected to be written as (78).The old references were listed to be: Kannel WB, Gordon T. The Framingham diet study: diet and the regulation of serum cholesterol. In: The Framingham study: An Epidemiologic Investigation of Cardiovascular Disease. Section 24. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Institutes of Health (1971).The new references are corrected to the following: 78. World Health Organization. Diet, nutrition, and the prevention of chronic diseases: report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003. Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/42665/WHO_TRS_916.pdf?sequence=1 In the original article, line 617, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (88), it should be corrected to be written as (30).The old references were listed to be: In the original article, line 633, the citation numbers are incorrect-instead of the incorrectly written citations of (125), it should be corrected to be written as (121).