ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Food Chemistry
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1651560
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvancing Food-Grade Micro/Nano Particles for Emulsion Stabilization and Nutrient EncapsulationView all articles
Glucosamine-Magnesium Composite as Functional Carriers: Structural Characteristic, Controlled Mg 2+ Release and Emulsion Stability
Provisionally accepted
- 1Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- 2National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing, China
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This study aimed to develop a glucosamine-magnesium composite (GlcN-Mg) as a novel Pickering emulsion stabilizer for the preparation of GlcN-Mg stabilized Pickering emulsion (GlcN-Mg PE) and systematically characterize its structural properties and emulsification performance. Structural analysis revealed that Mg²⁺ coordination reduced GlcN•HCl particle size from 1,117 ± 222.58 nm to 393.8 ± 45.42 nm, expanded its crystal lattice, and created a porous structure with a 22.9 ± 1.80 nm pore size. In vitro studies have shown that GlcN-Mg exhibits exceptional stability in food matrices and controlled Mg²⁺ release during gastrointestinal digestion. Then GlcN-Mg composite was employed to prepare water-in-oil (W/O) GlcN-Mg PE under different homogenization speeds (5,000-25,000 rpm), GlcN-Mg concentrations (0.3%-1.3%), and oil-to-water ratios (3:7-8:2).Rheological analysis indicated that GlcN-Mg PE exhibited a distinct threshold effect under varying conditions, while environmental factors significantly influenced emulsion stability. Furthermore, during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, GlcN-Mg PE exhibited controlled-release ability, with the Mg²⁺ release rate reaching 80.42 ± 1.94% during intestinal digestion. Its stability across a wide range of conditions highlights its potential applications in complex emulsion systems. Graphical Abstract：Schematic illustrating the preparation process and experimental operation of GlcN-Mg and GlcN-Mg PE.
Keywords: Pickering emulsion, D-glucosamine, Stimulus responsiveness, Mg 2+, Emulsion stability, Controlled Release
Received: 22 Jun 2025; Accepted: 20 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhai, Chen, Gao, Dou, Gao and Xie. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Yue Chen, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing, China
Ang Gao, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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