ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutrition and Metabolism
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1656798
This article is part of the Research TopicImmunosenescence and Metabolic Reprogramming in Aging: Mechanistic Insights and InterventionsView all 6 articles
Modulation of Adipose Inflammation and Mitochondrial Pathways by a Yeast-Derived β-1,3/1,6-Glucan and Vitamin Complex: An Open-Label Pilot Study of Lalmin® Immune Pro in Older Overweight Adults
Provisionally accepted
- University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Chronic low-grade inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to age-and obesity-related disease, yet few nutritional interventions have been shown to impact both processes. This open-label pilot study evaluated the effects of a 28-day supplementation with Lalmin® Immune Pro – delivering a daily dose of 250 mg yeast-derived β-1,3/1,6-glucan, 13.7 mg zinc, 65.0 μg selenium, and 500 IU vitamin D₂ – in older, overweight adults. Proteomic profiling of subcutaneous adipose tissue was performed using tandem mass tag quantitative proteomics, with pathway-level analysis via Reactome's CAMERA workflow. 3172 proteins were consistently detected across all samples and used for pathway analysis. A total of 107 pathways were significantly modulated post-supplementation, including downregulation of innate (FDR = 9.3 × 10⁻⁷; Log2FC = –0.060) and adaptive immune pathways (FDR = 0.025; Log2FC = –0.020). Conversely, mitochondrial pathways were upregulated, including cristae formation (FDR = 6.3 × 10⁻⁵; Log2FC = 0.304), protein import (FDR = 1.0 × 10⁻⁵; Log2FC = 0.273), and respiratory electron transport (FDR = 1.4 × 10⁻⁵; Log2FC = 0.210). Cytokine assays of adipose explant conditioned media revealed significant reductions in the secretion of leptin (–71%), MCP-1 (–50%), IL-8 (–59%), IL-6 (–38%), and MIP-3α (–37%) post-supplementation. These findings suggest that components of Lalmin Immune Pro may exert dual immunometabolic effects, dampening inflammatory signalling while enhancing mitochondrial function in adipose tissue. Randomised controlled trials of both Lalmin® Immune Pro and yeast-derived β-1,3/1,6-glucan alone is warranted to confirm these preliminary findings and evaluate their relevance to metabolic health.
Keywords: Adipose, Inflammation, beta-glucan, Proteomics, Aging
Received: 30 Jun 2025; Accepted: 20 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Pritchard, STRUSZCZAK, Henry, Lugtmeijer, Bowtell and O'Leary. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Mary O'Leary, m.oleary@exeter.ac.uk
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