An anonymous authentication protocol for Vehicle to Grid based on elliptic curve cryptography

Zeyu Sun¹Yan Wang^2*

• ¹Ningxia Communications Technical College, Yinchuan, China
• ²Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China

As an important component of the smart grid, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) can achieve bidirectional exchange of data and power flow between electric vehicles and smart grid, and is an effective promoter for grid storage and decarbonization. However, when electric vehicles are connected to the grid, the V2G network involves a large amount of privacy data exchange and sensitive charging and discharging transactions. Once these data are leaked, the privacy and security of users will be threatened. The existing authentication protocols in V2G network lack sufficient protection for vehicle user identity privacy and cannot provide user identity anonymity. Therefore, this article analyzes security threats in V2G environments, including unauthorized access and user privacy breaches, as well as potential attacks during public communication processes. In response to these security challenges, this article proposes an anonymous and privacy preserving authentication protocol based on elliptic curve cryptography and physical unclonable function (PUF). This protocol achieves mutual authentication, ensuring the security of session keys and protecting the anonymity of participants by sending temporary identity values. The security and efficiency of the protocol are verified through Scyther simulation and heuristic analysis. Compared with other protocols, the protocol proposed in this article not only meets the security requirements in smart grid environment, but also reduces costs, demonstrating significant security and overhead advantages.