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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Phys.

Sec. Optics and Photonics

Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fphy.2025.1635345

This article is part of the Research TopicAdvances and Applications of Optical Wireless Communication in Next-Generation NetworksView all 4 articles

Optimized Vehicular Connectivity and Data Exchange in a Tree-Structured VLC Communication Network based on Optical Codewords

Provisionally accepted
Mouna  GaraiMouna Garai1Maha  SlitiMaha Sliti1*Noureddine  BoudrigaNoureddine Boudriga1Manel  MrabetManel Mrabet2Sarra  AyouniSarra Ayouni3Abdelrahman  ElfikkyAbdelrahman Elfikky4Ayman  BoghdadyAyman Boghdady4Syed Agha Hassnain  MohsanSyed Agha Hassnain Mohsan5Lassaad  Ben AmmarLassaad Ben Ammar2
  • 1Ecole Supérieure des Communications de Tunis, Université de Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia
  • 2Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
  • 3Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 4Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
  • 5Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Effective communication solutions are crucial in the dynamic transportation landscape. The rise of autonomous vehicles and sophisticated transportation systems has shaped urban mobility, underscoring the importance of safety considerations and data-driven decision making. This study examines the significance of rapid, low-latency communication in advanced intelligent transportation systems, focusing on the use of Visible Light Communication (VLC) in vehicle ad hoc networks 1 (VANETs). This study introduces a tree-structured communication architecture utilizing hierarchical optical codewords to enhance data routing efficiency and establish a vehicle identification system. The proposed system employs dynamic attachment and reattachment protocols in conjunction with adaptive quality-of-service mechanisms to effectively mitigate variability in traffic dynamics, thus enhancing network stability and data aggregation. Simulation results contrasting the Intelligent Driver Model, Gipps, and Krauss mobility models indicate that, while more complex network trees may lead to increased delay and lower effective signal-to-noise ratios, models characterized by greater vehicular spacing generally result in reduced delay and enhanced SNR, though this improvement comes at the cost of connectivity.This document provides a detailed examination of mobility-aware performance and the incorporation of tree-structured VLC VANETs that employ hierarchical optical codewords for distinct node identification. The performance insights reveal significant improvements in scalability, latency, and throughput, which support the advancement of smart city infrastructures that are more sustainable, efficient, and secure.

Keywords: VANET, VLC, Optical codewords, Collection tree, Mobility models

Received: 26 May 2025; Accepted: 07 Jul 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Garai, Sliti, Boudriga, Mrabet, Ayouni, Elfikky, Boghdady, Mohsan and Ammar. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Maha Sliti, Ecole Supérieure des Communications de Tunis, Université de Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia

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