ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Phys.
Sec. Optics and Photonics
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fphy.2025.1666771
Coherent manipulation of spatial bright solitons of reflection and transmission using control fields of Milnor Gaussian polynomials
Provisionally accepted
- 1Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- 2Szechenyi Istvan Egyetem, Győr, Hungary
- 3King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- 4University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
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The generation of spatial bright solitons of reflection and transmission pulses and their intensities are investigated in a sodium atomic medium using Gaussian Milnor polynomial control fields. Significant bright and dark solitons of ring shape are controlled by balancing nonlinearity and dispersion along two spatial coordinates. The intensity is more localized along one of the spatial coordinates due to larger nonlinearity and spread along other spatial coordinates due to smaller nonlinearity in the reflection pulse. A circular crater-type bright soliton intensity is also controlled around the origin of x and y coordinates, which have varying intensity at circumference length. A large bright intensity peak around the origin is investigated, with intensity minima at the center in reflection. The intensity peaks are enhanced in one of the spatial coordinates and localized in another coordinate in reflection. A large Gaussian-type bright solitonic intensity distribution is investigated about y = 0λ throughout variation along the x-axis in the transmission pulse pattern. The reflection and transmission pulse intensities vary from 0% to 40%, and at least 20% intensity of the incident pulse is lost by attenuation. The modified results are useful in optical communications, fiber optics, optical computation, signal processing, radar technology, and artificial neural networks.
Keywords: bright solitons, Milnor polynomials, Reflection, transmission, control fields
Received: 15 Jul 2025; Accepted: 08 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Al Samman, Pamucar, Dalam, Majeed and Ali. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Amir Ali, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
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