Geospace Observation of Natural Hazards

In addition, these results expand the analysis of assessing natural hazards using the latest geospace observations and by presenting the latest results with cross-disciplinary studies of earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, and hurricanes/typhoons. These significant results advance existing interdisciplinary studies of several processes: for example, the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling processes. Data from LEO satellites provide a comprehensive, global view of the variability of near-Earth space and complement ground-based observations that lack local coverage. These observations follow the earlier DEMETER (CNES, 2004(CNES, -2010 satellite mission, specifically designed to make measurements in the thermosphere-ionosphere to investigate ionospheric anomalies and relate them to geohazards and space weather. We are taking advantage of the broad scope of observable electromagnetic activities by integrating ground-based observations and LEO satellites, helping to clarify the missing scientific knowledge in studying the genesis and evolution of the significant natural hazard events from space. All the studies presented are covered within the scope of 36Research Topics represented by two reviews, one brief research report, and nine original research 37 papers and carried out by the community of international experts from 15 countries working in 38Geospace and natural hazards studies and reviewed by peers, to whom we are graciously 39 thankful. 40 anomalies generated from the ground to the ionosphere were formulated within the framework of 67 the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) model. The detailed classification of 68 these anomalies was presented for different ionosphere regions, and the signatures of these pre-69 seismic anomalies were detected from the ground. Satellite-based instruments were described and 70 classified, defining the methodology of the precursor's identification from ionospheric multi-71 instrumental measurements. 72SinceA new analysis of sub-ULF (<1 msec) magnetic field measurements made during the time of the 73Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, September 20, 1999, by a joint investigation of satellite 74 measurements in interplanetary space (ACE satellite) and on-ground measurements were made 75 (Anagnostopoulos). Four groups of sub-ULF waves in the Taiwan data coincided, in time, with 76 the quasi-periodic detection of two solar wind streams by the ACE satellite with approximately 77 the solar rotation period (∼28 days). This observational evidence shows that sub-ULF 78 electromagnetic radiation on the Earth was probably part of geotectonic processes formulating for 79 the Taiwan 1999 earthquake. 80