The energy hub is a multi-generator system in which many energy carriers are converted, 22 stored, and supplied for several energy types to meet energy consumption challenges. In these systems, 23 the energy conversion matrix changes over time due to the external impacts of the surrounding 24 environment (sun, weather, water, fuel, etc.), transmission line operating conditions, and operators' 25 objectives. Thus, different energy infrastructures are used in terms of production, transmission, and 26 distribution of energy, while the entire transmission is realized with the definition of clear benefits in 27 terms of quality and economy of energy transmission. Therefore, as visualized in Fig. 1, one of the big 28 challenges in the efficient and economical operation of energy hub systems is the optimal management 29 of both production and energy storage and transmission systems. This necessitates a practical 30 distributed energy management framework for modeling and optimizing the functioning of these 31 systems using powerful optimization algorithms to decide the operation, duration, coordination, 32 communication, and operation prediction of all individual elements. 33
Storage," provides an overview and points out current and modern research directions in the field of 38 energy hubs. The directions for addressing this topic were optimal management, modeling, energy 39 quality testing, economical energy transmission, and the like. 40 Six articles on this Research Topic were published. In this regard, the operation of the energy 41 hub system depends mainly on the condition of production facilities, which are increasingly based on 42 renewable energy sources. However, as renewable sources are characterized by intermittent 43 production, calculating optimal power flow necessitates using powerful, fast, and efficient optimization 44 algorithms. Alghamdi AS introduced efficient and robust versions of the conventional firefly algorithm 45 for optimizing various kinds of optimal power flow problems in the presence of traditional thermal 46 power plants and renewable energy resources, considering several objective functions and the amount 47 of carbon tax to examine the potential effects of renewables on the optimal scheduling of thermal power
