Population aging is prove to be a severe social issue as the combined senior and geriatric population is projected to reach 2.1 billion by 2050. Along with the population aging intensifies, cognitive dysfunction related to aging has become a tremendous challenges. Strategies to promote healthy aging and counteract age-related brain functional degradation have become particularly important. In addition, with the rapid development of the economy and the acceleration of the pace of life, people are under increasing pressure, and the incidence of depression has soared. Cognitive dysfunction, one of the core symptoms of depression, is also a common residual symptom of depression (1, 2). Numerous studies have confirmed that nutritional strategies can reduce the risk of age-related neurodegenerative diseases and exhibit potential beneficial effects in delaying the onset of brain diseases and slowing down the progression of some conditions (3). In generally, polysaccharides are considered unable to pass through the blood-brain barrier. Nevertheless, the intestinal microbiota homeostasis regulation open new possibilities for the nutrition function of polysaccharides to brain. Numerous studies have shown that many natural polysaccharides can enrich the diversity of intestinal flora (4). However, those polysaccharides may not able to improve learning and memory function. Most of the existing studies are mainly focus on the influences of crude polysaccharide mixtures on the diversity and abundance changes of intestinal flora. The active components, structure-activity relationships, especially the molecular mechanism of dietary polysaccharides on regulating brain health are still undefined. The development of effective dietary polysaccharides nutritional interventions for maintaining brain health is becoming an emerging and challenging field.
The main goal of this Research Topic was to explore the latest outstanding discoveries pertinent to nutritional interventions of natural polysaccharides, especially in food, on cognitive dysfunction related to age/depression potential underlying mechanism. The present Research Topic includes four articles that provide in-depth insight into the effects of nutritional interventions on brain health.
A randomized, triple-blind, 69 healthy male participants, placebo-controlled trial by A randomized, triple-blind, 69 healthy male participants, placebo-controlled trial by Dalile et al. aimed to investigate the effects of extruded wheat bran (WB) on psychobiological functioning and the mediating role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The results suggested that extruded WB consumption increased serum SCFAs but did not modulate psychobiological functions in healthy men. Effective modulation of psychobiological functions may require greater increases in SCFAs than those achieved following extruded WB consumption. Rather than attempting to induce health benefits with a single fiber-rich food, combinations of different fibers, particularly highly fermentable ones, might be needed to further increase SCFA production and uptake in the systemic circulation to observe an effect on psychobiological processes.
Dietary fiber is fermented in the lower gastrointestinal tract, potentially impacting the microbial ecosystem and thus may improve elements of cognition and brain function via the gut-brain axis (5). Zhou et al. reported that L. barbarum berry, the total water extracts of which contain 22% polysaccharides, may be a potential antiaging natural dietary supplement especially to individuals with malnutrition or chronic diseases and a potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases characterized by hsf-1 deficiency. Hu et al. aimed to compare the effects of soluble dietary fiber-β-glucans from mushroom, curdlan and oats bran, representing β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan, β-(1,3)-glucan or β-(1,3)/(1,4)-glucan, on cognition and the gut-brain axis. The correlation analysis highlights that degree of cognitive behavior improved by β-glucan supplementations was significantly associated with microglia status in the hippocampus and PFC and the number of colonic M2 macrophages. In addition, only β-glucan from oat bran altered gut microbiota and enhanced intestinal mucus.
Gut microbiota-based therapeutic strategies, such as probiotic and prebiotic preparations, may benefit mental health (6). However, commonly consumed fermented and prebiotic-containing foods have not been well-tested. A prospective cohort analysis involving 372 medical students aged 22.7 ± 1.1 years conducted by Karbownik et al. found that consumption of fermented food and food-derived prebiotics appears to be not associated with cognitive performance under psychological stress in medical students. High intake of fermented food, but not food-derived prebiotics, may be associated with severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms. The safety of fermented food in this regard therefore requires further clarification.
Overall, this Research Topic highlights recent development and innovation findings in the field of nutritional interventions of natural polysaccharides, especially in food, on cognitive dysfunction related to age/depression. The Research Topic covers the polysaccharide in food raw materials including grains, fruits and vegetables, edible fungi and the effects of these processed foods such as extrusion cooking and fermented foods on brain health. Our goal as editors was to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the field and identify future directions for research and development in this important area and we hope the readers will find interest in the included articles and reviews.
Statements
Author contributions
QL wrote the article. ZL and GQ reviewed the article and provided critical feedback. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Publisher’s note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
References
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ThalamuthuAMillsNTBergerKMinnerupHGrotegerdDDannlowskiUet al. Genome-wide interaction study with major depression identifies novel variants associated with cognitive function. Mol Psychiat. (2022) 27:1111–9. 10.1038/s41380-021-01379-5
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Atique-Ur-RehmanHNeillJC. Cognitive dysfunction in major depression: From assessment to novel therapies. Pharmacol Therapeut. (2019) 202:53–71. 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.013
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CunnaneSCTrushinaEMorlandCPrigioneACasadesusGAndrewsZBet al. Brain energy rescue: an emerging therapeutic concept for neurodegenerative disorders of ageing. Nat Rev. Drug Discov. (2020) 19:609–33. 10.1038/s41573-020-0072-x
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SongQWangYHuangLShenMYuYYuQet al. Review of the relationships among polysaccharides, gut microbiota, human health. Food Res Int. (2021) 140:109858. 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109858
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FraustoDMForsythCBKeshavarzianAVoigtRM. Dietary regulation of gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease: importance of microbiota metabolites. Front Neurosci. (2021) 15:736814. 10.3389/fnins.2021.736814
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La TorreDVerbekeKDalileB. Dietary fibre and the gut–brain axis: microbiota-dependent and independent mechanisms of action. Gut Microb. (2021) 2:3. 10.1017/gmb.2021.3
Summary
Keywords
dietary polysaccharides, brain health, cognitive function, intestinal flora, age-related
Citation
Liu Z, Liu Q and Qi G (2023) Editorial: Dietary polysaccharides and brain health. Front. Nutr. 10:1249498. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1249498
Received
28 June 2023
Accepted
10 July 2023
Published
25 July 2023
Volume
10 - 2023
Edited and reviewed by
Andrew Scholey, Monash University, Australia
Updates
Copyright
© 2023 Liu, Liu and Qi.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Zhigang Liu zhigangliu@nwsuaf.edu.cn
Disclaimer
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.