ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Chem.
Sec. Analytical Chemistry
Analysis of volatile compounds in Aglaia odorata flower extracts with different possessing methods by HS-SPME-GC-MS and E-Nose
Provisionally accepted
- 1Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
- 2Luohe Medical College, Luohe, China
- 3China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
- 4Gansu Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Station, Lanzhou, China
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To investigate the impact of different processing methods on the volatile components in Aglaia odorata flower extracts (AOFEs), headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and electronic nose (E-Nose) analysis were employed to characterize volatiles of extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and heated reflux extraction (HRE). Multidimensional assessment using aroma radar charts, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), K-means clustering, and relative odor activity value (ROAV) revealed significant processing-dependent variations. The results indicated that the fiber coated with DVB/CAR/PDMS had optimal extraction efficiency. A total of 46 compounds were identified, including eight alcohols, four aldehydes, one acid, 25 terpenes, seven ketones, and one heterocyclic compound. UAE and MAE had 36 and 38 compounds respectively, sharing similar compositional profiles but differing in concentrations, while HRE produced only 25 compounds. Sensory evaluation and E-Nose results revealed differences in the aroma profiles of the extracts, with UAE and MAE extracts exhibiting intensified floral and sweet notes, whereas HRE displayed prominent green and spicy characteristics. K-means clustering categorized volatile evolution trends into four distinct subclasses. OPLS-DA identified 13 differential volatiles with variable importance in projection greater than 1, with ROAV analysis further selecting eight key markers, including (1R,7S)-germacra-4(15),5,10(14)-trien-1β-ol, α-humulene, copaene, β-cadinene, (E)-β-caryophylene, Γ-cadinene, humulene oxide II, and caryophyllene oxide. These compounds collectively contribute to the sweet and floral attributes of AOFEs. This study elucidated extraction-method-dependent volatile profiles and aroma characteristics, providing theoretical guidance for process optimization and quality enhancement in AOFEs production.
Keywords: Aglaia odorata flower extracts, Headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, multivariate statistical analysis, Relative odor activity value, Volatile components
Received: 14 Nov 2025; Accepted: 16 Feb 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 Yang, Kong, Wang, Liu, Duan, Hu, Feng, Yang and Jv. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Huabo Jv
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