REVIEW article
Front. Chem.
Sec. Photocatalysis and Photochemistry
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvanced Photocatalytic (Photoelectrocatalytic) Materials for Energy and Environmental ApplicationsView all articles
Recent Advances in Bismuth-based Heterojunction Photocatalysts
Provisionally accepted
- 1Jilin University, Changchun, China
- 2Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
- 3Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Layered bismuth-based (LBB) nanoparticles, characterized by a unique crystal structure, offer precise control over flaws, band topologies, and morphology, enhancing solar conversion efficiency. Bi's 6s and O's 2p orbitals' hybridization results in a reduced band gap, facilitating improved photo absorption and efficient charge movement. These photocatalysts have proven effective in critical applications, including pollution remediation, CO2 reduction, N2 fixation, H2 production, and O2 evolution, positioning them as promising solutions to tackle global environmental challenges. Despite their successes, further research is essential to enhance the photoactivity of LBB photocatalysts to meet stringent industrial criteria for widespread commercialization. Realizing the full commercial application potential necessitates ongoing strides in synthesising, characterising, and modifying bismuth-based photocatalysts. A comprehensive thoughtful of the intricate interplay amid crystal structure and performance is crucial for optimizing their capabilities. As the world shifts its focus toward sustainable and clean energy solutions, bismuth-based photocatalysts emerge as potential major contributors to solving environmental issues and meeting energy needs on a commercial scale. This review highlights the current advancements, trials, and prospects of bismuth-based photocatalysts, emphasizing their pivotal role in fostering a sustainable, cleaner energy future.
Keywords: Bi-based catalysts, crystal structure, H2 production, Heterojunction catalysts, LBB photocatalysts, Sustainable energy
Received: 25 Nov 2025; Accepted: 28 Jan 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 Noor, Hashmi and Arif. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Muhammad Arif
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