ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Mater.
Sec. Polymeric and Composite Materials
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmats.2025.1611316
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvances in High-Performance Sustainable Wood-Based Composites: Development, Properties, and ApplicationsView all articles
Physical, Chemical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Charcoal Briquettes Produced from Mangrove Branch Wood
Provisionally accepted
Arif Nuryawan1*
Jhonny Simatupang1
Iwan Risnasari1
Taufiq Bin Nur2Widya Fatriasari3
Mohammad Basyuni1Hardiansyah Tambunan1
Sentagi Utami4Bora Jeong5- 1Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra, Indonesia
- 2Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- 3Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia
- 4Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- 5Donghwa Enterprise R & D Center, Board Chemical Team, 164 Wolmi-ro, Jung-gu, In-cheon 22300, Republic of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Charcoal briquettes serve as a renewable energy source to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and meet global market demands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of charcoal briquettes made from the branches of three mangrove species and analyze the influence of the presence of bark and different species of mangrove wood branches on the properties of charcoal briquettes. Charcoal briquettes were manufactured from branches of three mangrove species: "bakau hitam" (Rhizophora mucronata), "tancang" (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza), and "mata buaya" (Bruguiera sexangula). The production process began with the conversion of branch wood (with and without bark), followed by carbonization using the pyrolysis method, grinding the charcoal into particle size, mixing with starch adhesive, and making charcoal briquettes with a size of 5 cm × 15 cm in a cylindrical shape. These results indicated that mangrove branch wood is highly suitable as a raw material for charcoal briquettes. The charcoal briquettes met the ISO/TS 17225-8:2016 TW1H standard, with values below 8% for moisture and above 5016 cal/g for energy content. The results ranged from 0.00-6.46% and 6225-7088 cal/g, respectively. Statistically, there were no significant differences in the properties observed among the charcoal briquettes, either based on the presence of bark (with and no bark) or the species of mangroves. These results demonstrated that mangrove woody branches could meet the industrial standard for making charcoal briquettes and that mangrove forest as the raw material source would be sustainable because only woody branches were utilized as bioenergy source.
Keywords: bark of mangrove, bioenergy, branches wood of mangrove, Charcoal briquettes, Pyrolysis
Received: 14 Apr 2025; Accepted: 11 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Nuryawan, Simatupang, Risnasari, Nur, Fatriasari, Basyuni, Tambunan, Utami and Jeong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Arif Nuryawan, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra, Indonesia
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