ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Phys.
Sec. Social Physics
Evolutionary Game Analysis of Multiple Stakeholders in E-Commerce Intellectual Property based on Social Co-governance Theory
Provisionally accepted
Ji LI1
Hanyu Lu2*- 1Shanghai Institute of Technology School of Economics and Management, Shanghai, China
- 2Shanghai Open University, Shanghai, China
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Establishing a social co-governance system for intellectual property (IP) protection in e-commerce is crucial for strengthening the IP protection framework, fostering a conducive business environment, and promoting the high-quality development of China's e-commerce sector. Grounded in social co-governance theory, this study constructs a multi-stakeholder framework for e-commerce IP protection, encompassing the government, e-commerce platforms, operators, and consumers. Applying evolutionary game theory, we conduct quantitative modeling with simulations to analyze stakeholder interactions. The findings reveal that strategic decisions are significantly influenced by action costs and benefits, the intensity of rewards and penalties, and social reputation. Crucially, well-designed reward-punishment mechanisms can effectively enhance stakeholders’ incentives for IP protection and promote the emergence of a stable co-governance equilibrium.
Keywords: e-commerce, evolutionary game, Intellectual Property, Multi-stakeholder, Social Co-governance theory
Received: 15 Sep 2025; Accepted: 12 Feb 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 LI and Lu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Hanyu Lu
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