Alejandra Rossi
Francisco J. Parada- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia Humana y Neuropsicología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
A Book Review on
Neuroscience for Psychologists: An Introduction
Zeise, M. L. (Cham: Springer Nature), 2021, 318 pages, ISBN: 978-3-030-47644-1.
Summary and Evaluation of the Book's Contents
The volume published by Springer Nature Switzerland and edited by Zeise (2021) is concerned with introducing Psychologists in particular -and social scientists in general- to Neuroscience. Two of the key insights that run through the 10 chapters written by scientists from Chile, Germany, and the USA are (i) the fact that neuroscience has come such a long way -in a relatively short period of time- that newcomers will feel overwhelmed; and (ii) that neuroscience is a transdiscipline, so it doesn't matter from which disciplinary corner you are coming from, newcomers will be welcomed.
The book starts very intimately, providing plenty of material for reflections. Dr. Zeise narrates the origins and motivations for editing the volume. He provides his vision on the role of a twenty-first-century psychologist -as both scientists and practitioners- providing the necessary framing for what is to come in the following chapters. The introduction leads the way to three “basic” science chapters. Central concepts of Biological and Life Sciences are revisited in “Electrical Signals in the Nervous System,” “Basics of Neuropharmacology,” and “The Transmitters.” This section basically provides a state-of-the-art brief on The war of the soups and sparks (Valenstein, 2006) and its aftermath.
The second section of the book provides a multidisciplinary perspective on Neuroscience, reviewing subfields of “special interest” for psychologists. Chapter 5 (“Clinical Neuropharmacology”) probably provides one of the best and most concise reviews on the topic. Newcomers and pre-med students alike will find the jam-packed chapter very useful for studying. Chapters 6 and 7 (“Inputs, Outputs, and Multisensory Processing” and “Neuroplasticity in Humans”) provide all necessary materials for a neuroscience-led critical discussion of one of the most characteristic debates in Psychology: nature versus nurture. Finally, the remaining three chapters are great introductions to advanced topics in Cognitive Neuroscience. Dr. Patricio Orio writes a concise and complete overview of “Mathematical Modeling in Neuroscience.” This chapter can become a quick-guide to relevant terms and concepts, including Graph Theory and Network Neuroscience (Sporns et al., 2005). Chapter 9 (“Subjective Experience and Its Neural Basis”) is an overview of subjectivity; probably the pinnacle of complexity in Psychology. Instead of reducing the topic or getting lost in the complexity, Dr. Ryan Smith achieves grounding evidence through associating generative models, which can accommodate a diverse range of epistemologies (Owens et al., 2018; Smith et al., 2019). The last chapter, “Tools of Neuroscience” is a concise chapter that provides a brief introduction to a plethora of imaging methods available for studying brain structure and function of both human and non-human animals, from invasive to non-invasive.
Discussion of the Book's Content in Light of the Current Needs of the Community
Neuroscience for Psychologists: An Introduction provides students and researchers alike with a complete and concise state-of-the-art overview of Neuroscience, requiring almost no previous training on physics, biology, or mathematics. This is a much needed introductory volume, because Neuroscience helped shape modern Psychology; the ghost of foundational psychological dualism is nowadays almost completely exorcized. We must nevertheless point to the fact that Neuroscience has also, inadvertently, created a dualist materialism, which we will also overcome [see Mudrik and Maoz (2015) for a perspective]. Thus, further marrying Neuroscience to Psychology will facilitate the future development of transdisciplinary efforts based on complexity (Parada and Rossi, 2020).
Recent theoretical developments conceptualized the mind as an Embodied, Embedded, and Extended phenomenon, better understood from the Enactive approach [i.e., 4E-Cognition, see Newen et al. (2018)]. Neuroscience-inspired Psychologists can help humanity at large to focus resources and efforts on understanding organic and artificial cognitive abilities (Haselager and Gonzalez, 2007; Clark, 2008), forever forgetting supernatural accounts. Future psychologists, researchers and practitioners alike, will stand firmly with the idea that mental and physical health are one. Furthermore, since neuroscience is a biogenic approach (Lyon, 2006), cognitive abilities are understood as part of the complex phylogenetic continuum of planetary evolution (Allen and Bekoff, 1999; Margulis, 2008; Lyon et al., 2021). The 4E-Cognition perspective understands human health and well-being as complex phenomena product of people's multilevel interactions embedded in their social, cultural, and political environments.
Considering such paradigmatic changes in Neural and Cognitive Sciences, facts such as access to Education and Technology, Social Justice, and Planetary Health become primordial requirements for human well-being. We know these human ideals are implicit at the heart of Neuroscience for Psychologists: An Introduction. Nevertheless, considering the intimate tone of the introductory chapter and the current times we live in, it would have been great to read them explicitly. Likewise, given it is an introductory book -published in 2021- we would have hoped to see women scientists among the author list. Unfortunately, this is not the case. Perhaps evidencing an ages-long problem in (Neuro)Science (Diamond, 1963; Zippel, 2017; Machlovi et al., 2021), which Psychology and Social Sciences can help us resolve.
Finally, considering both the relevance for Psychology and how many resources already exist for -say Single-Cell Extracellular Recordings- we think the absence of Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI) in the present volume is critical. The last decade has seen an incredible revolution in mobile technologies for studying cognition in different scenarios other than our laboratories (Makeig et al., 2009; Gramann et al., 2014; Ladouce et al., 2016; Parada and Rossi, 2020). These technologies promise to revolutionize clinical research and practice (Johnson and Picard, 2020; King and Parada, 2021), launching the novel subfield of Real-World Neuroscience (Shamay-Tsoory and Mendelsohn, 2019). Psychological and brain sciences -in both concepts and curricula- should really be aware of these developments as they imply revolutionary consequences for both research and practice of Psychology.
In summary, this is a complete and concise volume. A motivated reader will find it easy to go through the pages as every chapter accomplishes their goals. The scope is adequate and will provide an excellent introduction to any psychologist and/or newcomer to Neuroscience, regardless of their background. Neuroscience is a transdisciplinary effort, and Neuroscience for Psychologists: An Introduction will precisely do that: provide a head start to anybody who is interested in walking the beautiful and challenging path to understanding the biophysics of human experience.
Author Contributions
FP conceptualized the review. AR and FP wrote and edited the current manuscript for publication. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
Funding
AR receives funding from ANID, through the FONDECYT regular program award N° 1190610 to AR. FP receives funding from ANID, through the FONDECYT Iniciación en Investigación program award N° 11180620 to FP and FONDECYT regular program award N° 1190610 to AR.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Publisher's Note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Pascal and Gael Parada Rossi for never-ending support and constant inspiration and comprehension.
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Keywords: psychology - study and teaching, neuroscience (psychology), 4E cognition, introduction, student resources
Citation: Rossi A and Parada FJ (2021) Book Review: Neuroscience for Psychologists: An Introduction. Front. Psychol. 12:737931. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.737931
Received: 07 July 2021; Accepted: 26 July 2021;
Published: 24 August 2021.
Edited and reviewed by: Carl Senior, Aston University, United Kingdom
Copyright © 2021 Rossi and Parada. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Francisco J. Parada, ZnJhbmNpc2NvLnBhcmFkYSYjeDAwMDQwO3VkcC5jbA==