ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Psychol.
Sec. Psychology for Clinical Settings
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1520448
Network analysis of emotional symptoms and cognitive function changes in primary insomnia
Provisionally accepted
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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Background: Primary insomnia is a common and complex disorder characterized by a range of symptoms and consequences of varying severity. Long-term sleep disturbances can lead to anxiety, depression and cognitive dysfunctions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional changes and cognitive dysfunction in patients with primary insomnia and to explore the factors influencing the disorder.Methods: The study participants included 40 patients with primary insomnia diagnosed by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3 and 48 healthy controls from the Seventh People's Hospital of Wenzhou. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale were used to assess clinical symptoms. T-tests, chi-square tests, pearson correlation and network analysis were used to examine the mutual relationship between emotional symptoms and cognitive function in participants with primary insomnia.Results: Both immediate and delayed memory of the primary insomnia group was significantly worse than that of the healthy controls group, whereas there was no significant difference in long-term delayed recognition between the two groups. The naming and language scores of the primary insomnia group were significantly lower than those of the healthy controls group. The total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was positively correlated with anxiety and depression symptoms. Conclusion: This study emphasized the correlation between emotional symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in patients with primary insomnia. Simultaneously, their levels of anxiety and depression were both positively correlated with the degree of cognitive dysfunction.
Keywords: Primary insomnia, Emotional symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, Anxiety, Depression
Received: 31 Oct 2024; Accepted: 23 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Xu, Ding and Guo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Ling Xu, Department of Clinical Psychology, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
Hui Guo, Department of Clinical Psychology, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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