ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Psychol.
Sec. Quantitative Psychology and Measurement
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1579200
This article is part of the Research TopicMental health and wellbeing of childrenView all 6 articles
Spanish Validation of the Conflict Tactics Scale: Parent to Child (CTSPC): Assessing Non-Violent Discipline, Coercive Discipline, and Physical Aggression
Provisionally accepted
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
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There is a gap in the available Spanish-language instruments that specifically measure the behaviors or tactics used by parents in conflict or hostile situations with their children. The main objective of this study was to translate, adapt, and validate the Conflict Tactics Scale: Parent to Child (CTSPC) within the Spanish context, evaluating its psychometric properties, including exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency. Method: A sample of 700 parents (350 women and 350 men) aged between 18 and 69 years was used. Results: The Spanish version of the CTSPC consists of 21 items distributed across 3 dimensions: Non-Violent Discipline (α = .71), Coercive Discipline (α = .81), and Physical Aggression (α = .93). The findings indicated that 14.14% of participants reported having used physically aggressive behaviors toward their children at least once in their lifetime. Discussion: This instrument emerges as a valuable tool for identifying inappropriate tactics and behaviors employed by parents toward their children, contributing to the prevention of child maltreatment and raising parental awareness about how to educate children without resorting to violence.
Keywords: child maltreatment, Non-violent discipline, Coercive Discipline, physical aggression, Psychological aggression, corporal punishment, Physical maltreatment
Received: 18 Feb 2025; Accepted: 20 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Dominguez, Perez-Testor, Benedico-Peydró, Casarramona and Aznar Martinez. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Danilo Dominguez, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
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