Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of internal perception in patients with chronic heart failure at the county level

Ming YuJia Hong GeLi li JiangRong TangJing JiDan dan GuSuping CaiDawei Zhu^*Jiaojian Shi^*Shuangfeng Chen^*Wenjuan Zhou^*Ronghui Geng^*Lingling Jiang^*

• Affiliated Rudong Hospital of Xinglin College, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China

The objective of this study is to investigate the status of interoceptive awareness-defined as the capacity to perceive and interpret bodily signalsin individuals diagnosed with chronic heart failure, as well as the factors that may influence this awareness. This research aims to establish a theoretical foundation for the development of psychoeducational programs focused on interoception, such as mindfulness-based symptom awareness training, and digital health interventions specifically designed for patients with CHF. Overall, the initial paragraph is well-structured; the recommendations provided are intended to enhance clarity and consistency.Methods: A total of 406 patients diagnosed with congestive heart failure were selected as research subjects through convenience sampling from the cardiology departments of six county hospitals in Nantong City, during the period from January to March 2025. Cross-sectional surveys were administered, utilizing a variety of instruments including general information questionnaires, the Multidimensional Internal Perception Assessment Questionnaire, the Social Support Scale, the Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Memorial Heart Failure Symptom Assessment. To identify the factors influencing internal perception among CHF patients, both univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression techniques were employed.The overall score of the MAIA-2C for individuals diagnosed with congestive heart failure was recorded at 108.44±15.93, within a scale range of 31 to 155, suggesting a moderate to high degree of internal perception. A multivariate linear regression analysis identified several independent factors that significantly influence internal perception among CHF patients, including place of residence, the frequency of hospitalizations due to heart failure over the preceding year, body mass index, levels of depression, availability of social support, and the burden of symptoms experienced.The internal perception capacity of patients with congestive heart failure is affected by a variety of factors, such as their residential environment, the frequency of hospitalizations related to heart failure within the preceding year, body mass index, levels of depression, availability of social support, and the burden of symptoms experienced. In clinical settings, it is essential to consider the degree of internal perception among patients. Furthermore, tailored intervention strategies should be formulated, taking into account these influencing factors, to improve patients' self-management skills and overall quality of life.