Spirituality and psychological capital as predictors of psychological well-being in adults in Ecuador and Peru

Víctor Manuel Lopez-Guerra¹Karina Ocampo^1*Dolores Lucía Quinde¹Sandra Guevara-Mora¹Wilson Siguenza¹Cristina Diaz de la Cruz¹Segundo Francisco Vivanco- Ríos¹Susan Rodríguez-Balcázar²José Melanio Ramírez Alva³

• ¹Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
• ²Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru
• ³Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Piura, Peru

Background: Several studies have indicated a positive association between positive psychological resources-such as spirituality and psychological capital-and psychological well-being. However, the specific nature of these relationships remains poorly understood. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine, through a model of structural equations, the influence of spirituality and psychological capital on psychological well-being, as well as to explore the relationship between these two predictor variables. Method: The sample consisted of 1,044 adults living in Ecuador and Peru, aged between 18 and 71 years (M = 24; SD = 7.77), of whom 64.8% were women. The Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale (1989), the Parsian and Dunning Spirituality Scale (2009), and a psychological capital questionnaire were used. Results: Structural analyses showed a good fit of the proposed model according to the main goodness-of-fit indices. Psychological capital emerged as the most robust predictor of psychological well-being, explaining 13% of its variance, followed by spirituality. Likewise, a positive association was also evident between spirituality and psychological capital. Overall, the findings suggest that higher levels of these positive resources are related to greater psychological well-being. Conclusion: The results provide relevant empirical evidence on the promoting role of positive internal resources in psychological well-being, especially in Latin American contexts. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed, the study's limitations are acknowledged, and future research is proposed.