A randomised controlled trial of the effect of a nature–based intervention on climate capability and eco-anxiety in teenagers

Róise Glynn¹Clodagh O Dwyer¹Monica Casey^2,3Santosh Kumar Sharma³Pat Harrold⁴Pat O'Connor⁵Patrick Harrold⁶Liam G Glynn^3*

• ¹Ursuline Secondary School, Thurles, Ireland
• ²Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Casteltroy, Ireland
• ³School of Medicine and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
• ⁴University of Limerick School of Medicine, Limerick, Ireland
• ⁵Castleconnell River Association, Castleconnell, Limerick, Ireland
• ⁶Sea to Source Committee, Ballycroy, Co Mayo, Ireland

Introduction We are experiencing a climate and biodiversity crisis unprecedented in the history of mankind. Climate Capability is the degree to which individuals have the skills, understanding, and motivation to make behavioral changes that will reduce their individual contribution to climate change; and appreciate the need for collective action and governance to limit the magnitude of climate change and mitigate its effects. This novel randomized controlled trial tested an intervention to change climate capability in teenagers. Methods The study design was a randomised controlled trial recruiting teenagers from a single school community in Ireland. At baseline, prior to allocation, climate capability was measured using the climate capability scale in all participants. The intervention consisted of weekly online climate education and motivation messages and a supervised field trip. The primary outcome was change in climate capability score between baseline and follow-up. Results A total of 116 students were invited to participate and 86 (73%) agreed to do so and completed baseline data (Intervention =43; Control=43); 83 provided outcome data (Intervention =43; Control=40). There was evidence of a significant intervention effect (p<0.01); with an increase in mean climate capability score of 8.2 (4.9 – 11.5) and an associated increase in eco-anxiety score of 7.2 (3.7-10.7) favoring the intervention. There was a statistically significant correlation between change in climate capability and change in eco-anxiety (Pearson correlation = 0.485, P<0.001). Discussion The study results appear to confirm the effectiveness of a nature-based intervention in teenagers to build positive relationships with the environment and build their own capacity and capability to effect positive environmental change. Those responsible for developing school curricula should consider including climate education and engagement in the education of young people if we are to ensure that we have enough climate capable citizens of the future. The trial was registered with ISRCTN on 26/10/24 (No: 46298/ www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN18655072)