ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Psychol.
Sec. Pediatric Psychology
This article is part of the Research TopicThe Rights and Needs of Children During Times of War and ConflictView all 11 articles
Minding the Child's Mind: Parental Reflective Functioning as a Buffer for Child Distress in Displaced Families at War Zones
Provisionally accepted
Yael Enav*
Yael Mayer- University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Background: Despite being an exceptionally vulnerable group, internally displaced children are underrepresented in the literature. Parents are instrumental in providing support to these children. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the moderating role of perceived parental reflective functioning (PRF) in the relationship between parental war exposure, parental stress, and parent-rated child distress. Participants and method: 96 internally displaced Israeli families with young children ages 3–6 were involved. Data was gathered online through online questionnaires using Qualtrics. Parents completed self-report measures assessing their exposure to war-related events, levels of stress and depression (Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale), child distress (Child Stress Scale), and PRF (Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire). Results: Parental reflective functioning (PRF) moderated the indirect link between parental war exposure and parental ratings of child distress via parental stress. At low and moderate PRF, parental stress fully mediated this relationship (Moderate: indirect = 0.05, p < .05, 95% CI [0.01, 0.09]; Low: indirect = 0.09, p < .05, 95% CI [0.02, 0.17]). At high PRF, the indirect effect was non-significant, and a direct association emerged (b = 0.11, p = .007), suggesting that highly reflective parents may be more directly attuned to children's emotional responses to war exposure. Conclusion: These findings highlight the protective role of PRF in war and support the development of PRF-enhancing interventions to promote resilience among young, internally displaced children.
Keywords: stress, Parenting, Children, War, displacement, Parent-child relationship
Received: 13 Aug 2025; Accepted: 04 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Enav and Mayer. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Yael Enav, yaelenav12@gmail.com
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