ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Psychol.
Sec. Eating Behavior
This article is part of the Research TopicNew Approaches of Care in Eating Disorders: The Interdisciplinary Intervention With FamiliesView all 3 articles
Insecure Attachment and Impaired Reflective Functioning Mediate the Association Between Childhood Trauma and Grazing
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, School of Human and Social Sciences and Cultural Heritage, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- 2Residence Cabrini DCA, Pontremoli, Italy
- 3Food Science and Human Nutrition Unit, University Campus Biomedico of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Introduction: Grazing represents a clinically significant eating behavior characterized by repetitive consumption of small amounts of food, often associated with poor outcomes in bariatric surgery populations. Despite growing evidence linking childhood traumatic experiences to disordered eating, the specific psychological mechanisms underlying grazing behaviors remain poorly understood. Developmental theories suggest early relational trauma may disrupt attachment patterns and impair emotional self-regulation through mentalization deficits, which could lead to disordered eating behaviors. However, this pathway does not appear to have been tested. This study examined whether attachment insecurity and impaired reflective functioning mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and grazing behaviors. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 681 Italian adults. Participants completed self-report measures. Structural equation modeling with latent variables and bootstrap resampling (5,000 iterations) was used. Results: The model demonstrated satisfactory fit and supported the hypothesized pathways. Childhood traumatic experiences were associated with both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. However, only attachment anxiety significantly mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and impaired reflective functioning. Impaired reflective functioning emerged as the strongest predictor of grazing behaviors. The complete mediation pathway through attachment anxiety and impaired reflective functioning was statistically significant, with the model explaining 36.4% of variance in grazing behaviors. Discussion: These findings provide empirical support for a trauma-informed developmental model of grazing behaviors. The results highlight attachment anxiety and impaired reflective functioning as crucial mediators linking early relational trauma to problematic eating patterns. Clinical implications suggest mentalization-based interventions targeting attachment insecurity may be particularly beneficial for individuals with trauma histories presenting with grazing behavior.
Keywords: grazing, Addiction-like eating behaviors, Childhood traumatic experiences, Attachmentanxiety, mentalization, reflective functioning, food addiction, Eating addiction
Received: 11 Sep 2025; Accepted: 12 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Rossi, Tagliagambe, Mannarini and Dalla Ragione. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Alessandro Alberto Rossi, a.rossi@unipd.it
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