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RETRACTION article

Front. Psychol., 09 September 2025

Sec. Educational Psychology

Volume 16 - 2025 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1689474

This article is part of the Research TopicRisky Behaviors Faced by Youth in an Internet-Based Learning EnvironmentView all 8 articles

Retraction: Impact of academic cheating and perceived online learning effectiveness on academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic among Pakistani students

This article is a retraction of:

  1. RETRACTED: Corrigendum: Impact of academic cheating and perceived online learning effectiveness on academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic among Pakistani students

    1. Read original article
Frontiers Editorial Office Frontiers Editorial Office*

A Retraction of the Original Research Article
Impact of academic cheating and perceived online learning effectiveness on academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic among Pakistani students

by Malik, A. A., Hassan, M., Rizwan, M., Mushtaque, I., Lak, T. A., and Hussain, M. (2025). Front. Psychol. 14:1124095. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1124095

The journal retracts the article cited above.

Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the scientific validity of the article. An investigation was conducted in accordance with Frontiers' policies and it was found that the article contained misleading information that has the potential to mislead readers about previous research and practice related to the topic discussed. Some of the claims in the article are unsupported by the cited literature. The authors failed to provide a satisfactory explanation and as a result, the conclusions of the article have been deemed unreliable and the article has been retracted.

This retraction was approved by the Chief Editors of Frontiers in Psychology and the Chief Executive Editor of Frontiers. The authors do not agree to this retraction.

Frontiers would like to thank the concerned reader who contacted us regarding the published article.

Citation: Frontiers Editorial Office (2025) Retraction: Impact of academic cheating and perceived online learning effectiveness on academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic among Pakistani students. Front. Psychol. 16:1689474. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1689474

Received: 20 August 2025; Accepted: 21 August 2025;
Published: 09 September 2025.

Approved by:

Douglas F. Kauffman, Consultant, Boston, MA, United States

Copyright © 2025 Frontiers Editorial Office. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Frontiers Editorial Office, cmVzZWFyY2guaW50ZWdyaXR5QGZyb250aWVyc2luLm9yZw==

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