Resilient Livestock Supply Chains in Pakistan: Adaptive Strategies for Climate-Smart Agriculture and Food Security

Muhammad Afshar^*Mutahir Hussain shah

• Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia

The Agri-livestock sector in Pakistan is of critical interest to the socio-economic fabric of rural areas and is currently facing the risk of systemic vulnerabilities being exacerbated by climate change. The study is part of the doctoral thesis for performance evaluation of a public sector entity under environmental factors. The paper will discuss adaptive measures towards Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) in resilient livestock supply chains, based on a study of Agrilivestock public sector organizations. The study combines institutional records, interviews of key players, and thematic analysis research to extrapolate on the main facilitators and barriers to resilience. The study concludes that structural gaps, such as unstructured logistics, lacking governance, insufficient financial inclusion, and gender discrimination continue to exist; nevertheless, new innovations, such as silage production, solarized cool chain, and digital tracing systems, are developing. As much as interventions by public sector organizations can have local gains, resilience at the systems level is limited by misaligning policies, institutional impediments, and inadequate investments in climateresistant infrastructure. The paper indicates that the adaptive capacity of the livestock sector in Pakistan needs a system-wide, coordinated, equity-based recalibration that needs to incorporate the CSA principles in line with market access, public-private partnership, and inclusive governance. The policy recommendations underline the importance of integrated national policies, flexible investment in infrastructure, gender mainstreaming and financial de-risking procedures to preserve food security and rural livelihoods when faced with intensifying climate risks.