Abstract
The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of La0.5Ca0.1Ag0.4MnO3 (LCAMO) is simulated using a phenomenological model (PM). The LCAMO MCE parameters are calculated as the results of simulations for magnetization vs. temperature at different values of external magnetic field (Hext). The temperature range of MCE in LCAMO grew as the variation in Hext increased, eventually covering the room temperature at high Hext values. The MCE of LCAMO is tunable with the variation of Hext, proving that LCAMO is practically more helpful as a magnetocaloric (MC) material for the development of magnetic refrigerators in an extensive temperature range, including room temperature and lower and higher ones. The MCE parameters of LCAMO are practically greater than those of some MC samples in earlier works.
Introduction
The need to solve the problem of emission of hazard gases, which come out of conventional vapor refrigerators, results in increased interest in functioning magnetic refrigerator (MR), the idea of which depends on functioning magnetocaloric effect (MCE) (; ; ; , ; ; ), because the MR provides high efficiency for cooling without any negative impact on the environment and has low energy consumption, availability of mechanical stability, and fewer noise events during cooling operation (; ; , ; ; Sharma et al., 2020; ). MCE is described as a change in magnetic entropy (∆SM) with a variation in the external magnetic field (Hext) exerted on the material, causing a change in temperature (; ; , , ). Numerous research over decades have studied various magnetic materials to discover their suitability as magnetocaloric (MC) materials suitable for the MR industry (; ; ; ). It is preferable to use MC materials that have a magnetic transition type of the second degree with a suitable Curie temperature () as appropriate for use in a wide temperature range, including room temperature (; ; ). The current efforts are directed towards the use of manganite as an effective substance in MRs due to its great chemical stability during frequent use, lack of eddy current, ease of preparation, high electrical resistance, and the possibility of improving their properties through doping and changing the oxygen content (; ; ; ). Felhi et al. prepared La0.5Ca0.1Ag0.4MnO3 (LCAMO) via the ceramic method and reported an increase in Hext and an increase in broad ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition of LCAMO covering room temperature under high Hext (). These results motivate us to investigate the MCE of LCAMO, expecting that the MCE of LCAMO covers a large range of temperatures, especially cryogenic temperature and room temperature. Furthermore, it is believed that LCAMO, as a manganite, has low material processing costs, high chemical stability, and high resistivity, which are advantageous for reducing the overall eddy current heating. In this research, the MCE of LCAMO is studied using a phenomenological model (PM) to simulate the isofield magnetization vs. temperature curves, concluding with simulated ∆SM, heat capacity change (), and relative cooling power (RCP).
Theoretical Considerations
According to PM, as described in , , ), the magnetization (M) vs. temperature is simulated by:where and are values of magnetization at the onset and finalization of the FM paramagnetic transition as pointed out in Figure 1, respectively.where .
FIGURE 1
The numerical evaluation of ∆SM of LCAMO under Hext variation (ΔH) can be derived from Maxwell’s relation and derived from Eq. 1 as follows:
From Eq. 4, we can easily calculate ΔSM(T) by determining the Mi, Mf, θc, β, and γ from isofield M(T) curves. Moreover, a maximum value of ∆SM(), where , can be assessed according to the following equation:
The full-width at half-maximum () of LCAMO can be given as follows:
A magnetic cooling efficiency of LCAMO is expected by considering the magnitude of and (). RCP is calculated as follows:The of LCAMO can be given as follows ():
Results and Discussion
At values of Hext <5 T, there are two magnetic transitions of LCAMO, as can be observed in Figure 2, at two different temperatufvariation, which is about 57% of the correspondingres. It is possible that this is due to the presence of a canted FM phase in the FM matrix, which can be attributed to the additional Ag content (), thus expecting two peaks in the ΔSM curves. However, at Hext = 5 T, it seems like a single magnetic transition of LCAMO, expecting a single peak in the ΔSM curve. It is possible that this is due to the presence of a strong interatomic double exchange interaction at Hext = 5 T. To simulate the MCE of LCAMO, the PM parameters (Mi, Mf, ɵc, β, and α) of LCAMO for each magnetic transition were determined directly from experimental data (isofield magnetization vs. temperature) as in ). We can see from Figure 2 that there is a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical results of M(T), confirming the good fit of this model for simulating the MCE of LCAMO. This work demonstrates the good coincidence between the experimental data and the continuous curves given by PM, indicating that this model allows us to predict the MCE for LCAMO under different magnetic fields. The M(T) curves of LCAMO demonstrate the magnetic transition from the FM phase to a paramagnetic one under different magnetic fields. The increases as Hext increases due to the increased alignment of the local spins, resulting in an increase in the interatomic double exchange interaction. As shown in Figure 3A, there are two peaks in the ΔSM(T) curves when Hext <5 T. However, at Hext = 5 T, there is a single peak in the ΔSM curve due to the large interatomic double exchange. ∆SM reaches a peak of 2.75 J/kg K. Though the maximum ∆SM is 2.75 J/kg K upon 5T applied field variation, which is about 57% of the corresponding value of the compound that belongs to the same system as La0.5Ca0.2Ag0.3MnO3 (∆SMax = 4.8 J/kg K upon 5 T), the value of RCP (273.5 J/kg upon 5 T) is larger, and the ∆SM distribution of LCAMO is much more broad than that of La0.5Ca0.2Ag0.3MnO3 (RCP = 168 J/kg = 35 upon 5 T), covering a wider range of temperature (). Figure 3B shows that ∆SM(T) was calculated by Maxwell relation from experimental isothermal magnetization as a function of H in Ref. 31, and ∆SM(T) was calculated by PM, ranging between 240 and 270 K and covering the highest temperature transition. There is a good agreement and approach between the calculated results of both Maxwell relation and PM. Therefore, these results confirm that Eq. 4 still holds at ΔH of 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 T.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 3
Figure 4 shows that ∆CP,H(T) has an inverse change from a negative change to a positive one at around for each magnetic transition, causing a modification in the total specific heat. This oscillating temperature dependence of ∆CP,H(T) at different temperatures is a reflection of ΔSM(T) behavior. The behavior of |∆SM| and ∆CP,H(T) curves suggests how the range of temperature for functioning LCAMO in the MR can be expanded. It is clear that the |∆SM| and ∆CP,H peaks of LCAMO extend over a large temperature range. This temperature range of |∆SM| and ∆CP,H expanded with increasing variation in Hext, i.e., the peaks broaden, covering room temperature upon high values of ∆H. This indicates that larger |∆SM| and ∆CP, H are expected at higher values of ∆H. Moreover, the variation of Hext allows the tuning of of LCAMO. This tunable makes LCAMO practically more helpful for the development of MRs.
FIGURE 4
Figures 5–8 show the values of |∆SMax|, δTFWHM, RCP, and ∆CP,H(Max) (maximum value of ∆CP,H) for LCAMO, respectively. It is clear that |∆SMax|, RCP, and ∆CP,H(max) show a general increase with an increase in ∆H due to enhancing the variations of alignment in the local spins with an increase in ∆H, resulting in an increase in MC properties.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 8
These large values of |∆SMax|, δTFWHM, RCP, and ∆CP,H(Max) in LCAMO prevailed as well in perovskite manganite due to the strong coupling between spin and lattice (). Since lattice change is associated to magnetic transition in the manganite, this caused a further change in the magnetism of manganite (). Furthermore, the bond distance of <Mn–O> plus bond angle <Mn–O–Mn> changes to favor the spin ordering with a high value of Hext, leading to enhanced |∆SMax|, δTFWHM, RCP, and ∆CP,H(Max) in LCAMO (Radaelli et al., 1995; ).
Table 1 gives a comparative importance of the MCE parameters of LCAMO with those of various materials in terms of the high values of ΔH in previous works (; ; Saadaoui et al., 2013; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ). The MCE parameters of LCAMO are significantly larger than some MCE parameters of MC samples in the corresponding values of ΔH and the higher ones. From this comparative image, we conclude that LCAMO can function as a favorable MC magnet for the MR.
TABLE 1
| Compounds | (K) | ∆H (T) | |∆SMax| (J/kg K) | Relative cooling power (J/kg) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LCAMO | 282 | 5 | 2.75 | 273.5 | This work |
| Fe68.8Cr11.2Si6B14 | 300 | 5 | 1.8 | 340.2 | |
| Yb0.9Er0.1MnO3 | 3.7 | 8 | 2 | 23.1 | |
| Yb0.8Er0.2MnO3 | 3.7 | 8 | 2.1 | 23.8 | |
| Fe68Cr12Si8B12 | 360 | 5 | 2.1 | 310 | |
| La0.5Ca0.5Mn0.9V0.1O3 | 263 | 5 | 2.42 | 162.8 | |
| SmCrO3 | 190 | 5 | 0.11 | 1.7 | |
| La1.1Bi0.3Sr1.6Mn2O7 | 340 | 5 | 1.65 | 134.4 | |
| La0.45Bi0.15Sr0.4CoO3 | 190 | 5 | 1.24 | 106.6 | Saadaoui et al. (2013) |
| La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 | 230 | 5 | 2.28 | 143.6 | Saadaoui et al. (2013) |
| Pr0.5K0.05Sr0.45MnO3 | 310 | 5 | 1.66 | 272.5 | |
| Pr0.5Na0.05Sr0.45MnO3 | 270 | 5 | 1.60 | 266.2 | |
| Ce0.67Sr0.33MnO3 | 48 | 5 | 1.65 | 41.41 | |
| Fe60Ru20B20 | 255 | 5 | 1.52 | 394 | |
| LaCrO3 | 288 | 9 | 0.11 | 1.1 | |
| Pr0.5Sr0.5CoO3 | 218 | 5 | 2.2 | 84 | |
| Pr0.6Sr0.4CoO3 | 204 | 5 | 1.9 | 52 | |
| La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 | 253 | 5 | 2.49 | 141.2 |
The comparison of magnetocaloric effect parameters for La0.5Ca0.1Ag0.4MnO3 (LCAMO) with corresponding ones of various magnetocaloric effect materials in high ∆H.
Conclusion
Based on thermodynamic calculation via PM, the MCE of LCAMO is simulated under different values of variation in Hext. The MCE of LCAMO is strongly tunable with the value of the variation of Hext. Therefore, LCAMO can be used over a wide temperature range as an effective material for MR, covering a large range of temperatures, including room temperature and lower and higher ones. The MCE of LCAMO is tunable with the variation of Hext, proving that LCAMO is practically more helpful as a MC magnet for the development of MRs in an extensive temperature range, including room temperature. The values of the MCE parameters of LCAMO are practically greater than the MCE ones of some MC samples in earlier works.
Statements
Data availability statement
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.
Author contributions
All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Publisher’s note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations or those of the publisher, the editors, and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
References
1
AhmedE. M.AlamriH. R.ElghnamS. M.EldarawiO.TawfikT. E.MahmoudA. M.et al (2021). Tuning Magnetocaloric Properties for La1 - xSrxCoO3. Phys. Solid State.10.1134/S1063783421100024
2
AhmedE. M.HemedaO. M.AlamriH. R.ElghnamS. M.HamadM. A. (2021). Investigation of Thermomagnetic Properties in Ca3Co2O6 over Cryogenic Temperature between 0 and 100 K. Phase Transitions.94, 835–841. 10.1080/01411594.2021.1975706
3
Álvarez-AlonsoP.SantosJ. D.PérezM. J.Sánchez-ValdesC. F.SánchezJ. L.GorriaP. (2013). The Substitution Effect of Chromium on the Magnetic Properties of (Fe1− xCrx) 80Si6B14 Metallic Glasses (0.02≤ X≤ 0.14). J.Magn.Magn.Mater.347, 75–78.
4
AlzahraniB.HsiniM.HciniS.BoudardM.DhahriA.BouaziziM. L. (2020). Study of the Magnetocaloric Effect by Means of Theoretical Models in La0.6Ca0.2Na0.2MnO3 Manganite Compound. J. Low Temp Phys.200, 26–39. 10.1007/s10909-020-02455-w
5
BelhamraS.MasrourR.JabarA.HlilE. K. (2021). A Comparative Study of the Structural, Electronic, Magnetic Properties and Magnetocaloric Effect of Perovskite LaRO3 (R = Mn, Cr and Fe). Polyhedron.193, 114891. 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114891
6
BhumireddiS.BhatnagarA. K.SinghD.RayaprolS.DasD.GanesanV. (2015). Specific Heat and Magnetocaloric Studies of Hexagonal Yb1−xErxMnO3. Mater. Lett.161, 419–422. 10.1016/j.matlet.2015.08.151
7
BiswalH.SinghV.NathR.AngappaneS.SahuJ. R. (2019). Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of LaCr1-xMnxO3 (X = 0, 0.05, 0.1). Ceramics Int.45, 22731–22736. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.07.311
8
BoutaharA.LassriH.HlilE. K. (2015). Magnetic, Magnetocaloric Properties and Phenomenological Model in Amorphous Fe60Ru20B20 Alloy. Solid State. Commun.221, 9–13. 10.1016/j.ssc.2015.08.002
9
Choura-MaatarS.NofalM. M.M’nassriR.Cheikhrouhou-KoubaaW.Chniba-BoudjadaN.CheikhrouhouA. (2020). Enhancement of the Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties by Na Substitution for Ca of La0.8Ca0.2MnO3 Manganite Prepared via the Pechini-type Sol-Gel Process. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.31, 1634–1645. 10.1007/s10854-019-02680-4
10
DhahriA.DhahriE.HlilE. K. (2014). Structural Characterization, Magnetic Properties and Magnetocaloric Effects of La0.75Sr0.25Mn1-X Cr X O3 (X = 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25). Appl. Phys. A.116, 2077–2085. 10.1007/s00339-014-8404-5
11
DhahriA.JemmaliM.DhahriE.ValenteM. A. (2015). Structural Characterization, Magnetic, Magnetocaloric Properties and Phenomenological Model in Manganite La0.75 Sr0.1Ca0.15 MnO3 Compound. J. Alloys Compounds.638, 221–227. 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.314
12
DhahriJ.DhahriA.OumezzineM.DhahriE. (2008). Effect of Sn-Doping on the Structural, Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of La0.67Ba0.33Mn1−xSnxO3 Compounds. J. Magnetism Magn. Mater.320, 2613–2617. . 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.030
13
El BoubekriA.TillaouiS.SajieddineM.SahlaouiM.LassriH.HlilE. K.et al (2020). Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of Fe68+Cr12−Si8B12 Ribbons. J. Magnetism Magn. Mater.507, 166819. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.166819
14
El-SayedA. H.HamadM. A. (2019a). Nickle Concentration Effect on Low Magnetic Field Magnetocaloric Properties for Ni2+xMn1−xGe. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn.32, 1447–1450. 10.1007/s10948-018-4855-9
15
El-SayedA. H.HamadM. A. (2019b). Tailoring Thermomagnetic Properties in Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3-Ni(1−x)ZnxFe2O4. Phase Transitions.92, 517–524. 10.1080/01411594.2019.1597096
16
ErchidiElyacoubiA. S.MasrourR.JabarA. (2018a). Surface Effects on the Magnetocaloric Properties of Perovskites Ferromagnetic Thin Films: A Monte Carlo Study. Appl. Surf. Sci.459, 537–543. . 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.020
17
ErchidiElyacoubiA. S.MasrourR.JabarA. (2018b). Magnetocaloric Effect and Magnetic Properties in SmFe1-xMnxO3 Perovskite: Monte Carlo Simulations. Solid State. Commun.271, 39–43. . 10.1016/j.ssc.2017.12.015
18
Erchidi ElyacoubiA. S.MasrourR.JabarA.EllouzeM.HlilE. K. (2018c). Magnetic Properties and Magnetocaloric Effect in Double Sr2FeMoO6 Perovskites. Mater. Res. Bull.99, 132–135. 10.1016/j.materresbull.2017.10.037
19
FelhiH.DhahriR.SmariM.DhahriE.HlilE. K. (2019). Magnetocaloric Effect and Critical Behaviour of La0.5Ca0.2Ag0.3MnO3 Compound. Chem. Phys. Lett.733, 136632. 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136632
20
GuptaP.PoddarP. (2016). Study of Magnetic and thermal Properties of SmCrO3 Polycrystallites. RSC Adv.6, 82014–82023. 10.1039/c6ra17203b
21
HamadM. A. (2012). Prediction of Thermomagnetic Properties of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3and La0.67Sr0.33MnO3. Phase Transitions85, 106–112. 10.1080/01411594.2011.605027
22
HamadM. A. (2013). Magnetocaloric Effect of Perovskite Manganites Ce0.67Sr0.33MnO3. J. Supercond Nov Magn.26, 2981–2984. 10.1007/s10948-013-2124-5
23
HamadM. A. (2015a). Lanthanum Concentration Effect of Magnetocaloric Properties in Lax MnO3−δ. J. Supercond Nov Magn.28, 173. 10.1007/s10948-014-2834-3
24
HamadM. A. (2015b). Magnetocaloric Effect in Sr2FeMoO6/Ag Composites. Process. Appl. Ceram.9, 11. 10.2298/PAC1501011H
25
HamadM. A. (2015c). Effects of Addition of Rare Earth on Magnetocaloric Effect in Fe82Nb2 B 14. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn.28, 3111–3115. 10.1007/s10948-015-3140-4
26
HamadM. A. (2015d). Magnetocaloric Effect in La1-X Ce X MnO3. J. Adv. Ceram.4, 206–210. 10.1007/s40145-015-0150-4
27
HamadM. A.HemedaO. M.MohamedA. M. (2020). Investigations on Enhancing Thermomagnetic Properties in CoxZn1−xFe2O4. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn.33, 2753–2757. 10.1007/s10948-020-05503-4
28
HamadM. A.HemedaO. M.AlamriH. R.MohamedA. M. (2021). Investigations on Thermomagnetic Properties of YbFe2As2. J. Low Temp Phys.202, 121–127. . 10.1007/s10909-020-02528-w
29
HenchiriC.MnasriT.BenaliA.HamdiR.DhahriE.ValenteM. A.et al (2020). Structural Study and Large Magnetocaloric Entropy Change at Room Temperature of La1−x□xMnO3 Compounds. RSC Adv.10, 8352–8363. 10.1039/c9ra10469k
30
HoT. A.ThanhT. D.HoT. O.TranQ. T.PhanT. L.YuS. C. (2014). Critical Behavior and Magnetocaloric Effect of Pr1-xSrxCoO3. IEEE Trans. Magn.50, 2505104. 10.1109/tmag.2014.2322906
31
JebariH.TahiriN.BoujnahM.El BounaguiO.TaibiM.Ez-ZahraouyH. (2021). Theoretical Investigation of Electronic, Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of Bi25FeO40 Compound. Phase Transitions.94, 147–158. 10.1080/01411594.2021.1931690
32
JeddiM.GharsallahH.BekriM.DhahriE.HlilE. K. (2020). Phenomenological Modeling of Magnetocaloric Properties in 0.75La0.6Ca0.4MnO3/0.25La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 Nanocomposite Manganite. J. Low Temp Phys.198, 135–144. 10.1007/s10909-019-02256-w
33
JerbiA.KricheneA.Chniba-BoudjadaN.BoujelbenW. (2015). Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Study of Manganite Compounds Pr0.5A0.05Sr0.45MnO3 (A=Na and K) and Composite. Physica B: Condensed Matter477, 75–82. 10.1016/j.physb.2015.08.022
34
KadimG.MasrourR.JabarA. (2020). Large Magnetocaloric Effect, Magnetic and Electronic Properties in Ho3Pd2 Compound: Ab Initio Calculations and Monte Carlo Simulations. J. Magnetism Magn. Mater.499, 166263. . 10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.166263
35
KadimG.MasrourR.JabarA.HlilE. K. (2021a). Room-Temperature Large Magnetocaloric, Electronic and Magnetic Properties in La0.75Sr0.25MnO3 Manganite: Ab Initio Calculations and Monte Carlo Simulations. Physica A: Stat. Mech. its Appl.573, 125936. 10.1016/j.physa.2021.125936
36
KadimG.MasrourR.JabarA. (2021b). Magnetocaloric Effect, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Ba1-xSrxFeO3 Barium-Strontium Ferrites: Monte Carlo Simulations and Comparative Study between TB-mBJ and GGA+U. Mater. Today Commun.26, 102071. 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102071
37
LaajimiK.KhlifiM.HlilE. K.GazzahM. H.AyedM. B.BelmabroukH.et al (2020). Influence of Sr Substitution on Structural, Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties in La0.67Ca0.33−xSrxMn0.98Ni0.02O3 Manganites. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.31, 15322–15335. . 10.1007/s10854-020-04096-x
38
LabidiS.MasrourR.JabarA.EllouzeM. (2021). Mechanical, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Double Sr2FeMoO6 Perovskite: Density Functional Theory and Monte Carlo Simulation. J. Magnetism Magn. Mater.523, 167594. . 10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.167594
39
LongP. T.ManhT. V.HoT. A.DongquocV.ZhangP.YuS. C. (2018). Magnetocaloric Effect in La1-xSrxCoO3 Undergoing a Second-Order Phase Transition. Ceramics Int.44, 15542–15549. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.05.216
40
MansouriM.OmraniH.Cheikhrouhou-KoubaaW.KoubaaM.MadouriA.CheikhrouhouA. (2016). Effect of Vanadium Doping on Structural, Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of La 0.5 Ca 0.5 MnO 3. J. Magnetism Magn. Mater.401, 593–599. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.10.066
41
MasrourR.JabarA.BenyoussefA.HamedounM.HlilE. K. (2016). Monte Carlo Simulation Study of Magnetocaloric Effect in NdMnO 3 Perovskite. J. Magnetism Magn. Mater.401, 91–95. . 10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.10.019
42
MasrourR.JabarA.KhlifH.JemaaF. B.EllouzeM.HlilE. K. (2017). Experiment, Mean Field Theory and Monte Carlo Simulations of the Magnetocaloric Effect in La 0.67 Ba 0.22 Sr 0.11 MnO 3 Compound. Solid State. Commun.268, 64–69. . 10.1016/j.ssc.2017.10.003
43
OublaM.LamireM.BoutaharA.LassriH.ManounB.HlilE. K. (2016). Structural, Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of Layered Perovskite La1.1Bi0.3Sr1.6Mn2O7. J. Magnetism Magn. Mater.403, 114–117. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.11.076
44
RadaelliP. G.CoxD. E.MarezioM.CheongS.-W.SchifferP. E.RamirezA. P. (1995). Simultaneous Structural, Magnetic, and Electronic Transitions inLa1−xCaxMnO3withx=0.25 and 0.50. Phys. Rev. Lett.75, 4488–4491. 10.1103/physrevlett.75.4488
45
SaadaouiF.KoubaaM.Cheikhrouhou-KoubaaW.CheikhrouhouA. (2013). Effects of Bismuth Doping on the Physical Properties of La0.6−x Bi X Sr0.4CoO3 (0≤x≤0.15) Cobaltites. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn.26, 3043–3047. 10.1007/s10948-013-2122-7
46
SharmaP.MasrourR.JabarA.FanJ.KumarA.LingL.et al (2020). Structural and Magnetocaloric Properties of Rare-Earth Orthoferrite Perovskite: TmFeO3. Chem. Phys. Lett.740, 137057. . 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.137057
Summary
Keywords
magnetocaloric effect, phenomenological model, phase transition, perovskite, entropy change
Citation
Hamad MA and Alamri HR (2022) Investigations on Strong-Tuned Magnetocaloric Effect in La0.5Ca0.1Ag0.4MnO3. Front. Mater. 9:832703. doi: 10.3389/fmats.2022.832703
Received
10 December 2021
Accepted
04 January 2022
Published
08 February 2022
Volume
9 - 2022
Edited by
Wissem Cheikhrouhou-Koubaa, Centre de Recherche en Numérique de Sfax (CRNS), Tunisia
Reviewed by
Rachid Masrour, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco
Gaofeng Wang, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China
Updates
Copyright
© 2022 Hamad and Alamri.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Mahmoud A. Hamad, m_hamad76@yahoo.com
This article was submitted to Semiconducting Materials and Devices, a section of the journal Frontiers in Materials
Disclaimer
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.