MINI REVIEW article
Front. Mater.
Sec. Computational Materials Science
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmats.2025.1659727
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvancing Computational Material Science and Mechanics through Integrated Deep Learning ModelsView all 7 articles
Modeling and Design of Micro-structures: Focusing on Functionally Graded Materials and Future Prospects
Provisionally accepted
- Daikin Global, Osaka, Japan
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Functionally Gradient (Graded) Materials (FGMs) represent a class of advanced materials characterized by spatial distributions in composition and structure, resulting in corresponding changes in their material properties. The material properties depend on the micro-structures, which are also heavily influenced by fabrication processes. This paper provides an overview of the modeling and design of micro-structures in FGMs, highlighting historical developments, current technologies such as multi-scale modeling using the Finite Element Method (FEM), the evolution of modeling techniques, and the latest research trends, including the application of deep learning and AI. The advanced fabrication of FGMs by additive manufacturing will be covered in view of the resultant micro-structures. Furthermore, energy conversion FGMs will be investigated concerning the transport properties in grain boundaries and lattice structures.
Keywords: computational materials science, Modeling and Design of Micro-structures, Constitutive Material Modeling, FGMs (functionally graded materials), Multi-scale modeling, deep learning, Material Transformer, Additive manufacturing
Received: 04 Jul 2025; Accepted: 15 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Hirano. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Tohru Hirano, tohru.hirano@daikin.co.jp
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.