ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Psychol.
Sec. Educational Psychology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1617001
This article is part of the Research TopicThe Interface Between Social Psychology and Educational Psychology: Interactional Phenomena in Educational SettingsView all 3 articles
Unraveling and rectifying the free-riding behavior among students in university flipped classrooms: A uninorm DEMATEL method
Provisionally accepted
- 1Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
- 2Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
- 3Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Flipped classrooms move education towards a more student-and learning-centered pedagogy and practice. When flipped classrooms are applied, a free-riding phenomenon may occur when certain students in a group do not participate completely in group tasks but receive the same grade as the other students, which creates unfairness and is not conducive to the sustainable development of university education. As far as we know, quantifying the unfairness caused by freeriding in flipped classrooms is still a problem that needs to be addressed. This paper proposes a fair assessment framework to unravel and rectify student free-riding in flipped classrooms.Firstly, the uninorm DEcision-MAking Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method is proposed to generate comprehensive indices of students. Secondly, the unfairness indices of groups and the discount parameters of students are determined based on the comprehensive index. The discounted scores are employed to modify students' achievement to ensure fairness.A case study involving 57 students is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, and a sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess its robustness. The fair assessment framework provides educational administrators with a tool for quantifying the effectiveness of course implementation, promoting the positive development of collaborative learning and the effective implementation of flipped classrooms, and contributing to the sustainable development of university education.
Keywords: flipped classroom, Free-riding, DEMATEL, uninorm operator, unfairness indices
Received: 23 Apr 2025; Accepted: 19 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Yan, Jiang, Zuo, An and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Lisheng Jiang, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
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